No abstract

Hyperpigmentation affects people globally with negative psychology impacts. Piper Betle Leaf (PBL) extracts has many benefits including skin lightning which may reduce hyperpigmentation. The objective of this study was to develop an effective skin lightning cream containing PBL with ideal characteristics. A formulation of PBL cream was prepared and physical properties observed. Base and PBL cream had a non-Newtonian property with acceptable color, odor, texture, and showed no phase separation. The developed PBL creams showed significant results in the reduction in melanin content.

Micro-organisms have tendency to produce antimicrobial substances which show biological activity against other kind of micro-organisms. This phenomenon of bacterial antagonism is observed in lactic acid bacteria with competitive advantages. The lactic acid bacteria are commonly present in many fermented products, fruits and milk products. The variety of antimicrobial substances produced by lactic acid bacteria showing good inhibition capacity include production of lactic acid, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide, diacetyl and bacteriocin. Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria are the subject of intense research because of their antimicrobial activity against food born bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum and several others .Bacteriocins may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal with narrow or broad range of activity. The main of the study was to study the antimicrobial activity of such lactic acid bacterial isolates.

The highlight of this study was preparation of microparticles using the extract of guava leaves which led to novel drug delivery of the herbal extract. The aim of the study was to formulate a microparticles loaded gel for management of mouth ulcer. The microparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation method using the polymer, oil and liquid phase. Then the preparation of gel base was done with incorporation of microparticles. The evaluation of the microparticles and the gel was done. This study is an effort to develop a herbal gel for mouth ulcers offering better compatibility and lesser discomfort. We used Psidium guajava leaf extract microparticles for the preparation of gel. The gel formulations prepared were transparent and homogeneous within the pH range of 6 to 6.8. The formulation showed acceptable spreadability, extrudability and rheological properties. The formulation showed antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and E coli. Therefore, developed formulations have the potential to treat mouth ulcers. The Psidium gujava leaf extract microparticles loaded gel is a good mucoadhesive gel for mouth ulcer management. Therefore, herbal ingredients can be used for novel drug delivery and make it safe for administration with lesser risk of adverse reactions.