BACKGROUNDGlaucoma, one of the common disorders of the eye, has made enormous and rapid progress. Trabeculectomy first described by Cairns in 1968 is most frequently performed partial thickness filtering surgery nowadays. Recent interest has focused on medical therapy designed to maintain the potency of the fistula and to promote filtering bleb formation by modifying the subsequent wound healing process.

BACKGROUNDCataract remains the most important cause of blindness worldwide. Investigators have continued the search for better and safer methods of surgical rehabilitations of the cataract patient. Technical advances are constantly being added, revolutionising cataract surgery. Intraocular lenses being on the most important advances made in ophthalmic surgery during the past year.

BACKGROUNDPterygium most often refers to a benign growth of the conjunctiva. A pterygium is a triangular fibrovascular subepithelial ingrowth of degenerative bulbar conjunctival tissue over the limbus onto the cornea. It commonly grows from the nasal side of the sclera. Vision may be reduced due to astigmatism induced by the pterygium or due to direct invasion of the visual axis. This abnormality has been measured by keratometry.

BACKGROUNDGlaucoma a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy, is an important cause of blindness. Prostaglandin analogues are new class of very potent IOP lowering agent with a unique mechanism of action. Four agents are in the category of prostaglandins, also called hypotensive lipids. These are Latanoprost, Unoprostone, Travoprost and Bimatoprost.