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The urgency of the development of transport communications and the need to optimize their work, to develop a methodology for the study of transport as a specific industry has been substantiated. The issues of emergence and evolution of methods of economic research in transport in the context of general scientific methodology at various historical stages of development of domestic and foreign science have been considered. The characteristic of views of domestic and foreign scientists and experts on formal and substantial-essential methods of research has been given. The basic principles of a systematic approach to solving complex scientific and practical problems in the fieldof transport have been outlined.

The introductory part of the article shows that modern transport is one of the main conditions for successful solution of urgent social, economic and political problems, including national security of the country. The disintegration of the transport system during the years of market reforms has complicated the management of transport flows and reduced the efficiency of using transport production capacity. Market reforms have significantly changed the working conditions of transport and the distribution of transport between its various types. Transport has lost its organizational and managerial integrity and has ceased to operate as a single production and technological complex. First, this applies to Railways. The load capacity of many railway lines has decreased, the turnover of the car fleet has slowed down, and transportation tariffs have increased. The article attempts to consider several issues related to improving the efficiency of management of the country's transport complex in the context of the transition to the digital economy. Two groups of problematic issues are considered in detail: the first groupgoal setting in projects and programs for the development of transport infrastructure and the organization of transport flows; the second groupoptimization of design and planning solutions for the development of transport by the criterion of minimum costs using economic, mathematical and instrumental research methods. The problematic issues of the first group are proposed to be solved based on the requirements of systematic and proportional development of all elements of the transport complex of the country (region, municipality). Vector algebra is used as a tool for quantitative (digital) estimation to obtain an integral indicator. The calculations consider deviations of the vector of the actual state of the transport complex from the required (target, normative) state not only in size, but also in direction. This allows the developed transport development projects to consider both the requirements of uniformity and proportionality. On the second group of issues, the article reveals the difficulties of objectively digital assessment of design and planning solutions for the development of transport using linear, parametric, stochastic, and other types of programming. The paper shows the disadvantages of a formal and logical approach to optimizing projects and programs for the development of transport complexes based on one (most often-cost) criterion, without taking into account other factors. In the final part of the article, the requirements for state control and goal setting in the field of transport are formulated.

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