Significant moral and material damage to road users and the transportation process resulting from road accidents objectively implies the need for insurance protection of both individuals and legal entities that are direct participants in the conflict, as well as third parties accidentally injured in road accidents. The main event for the Russian insurance market was the introduction of Third Party Only Insurance (TPOI) in 2003. Compulsory TPOI has become the norm within the society. However, it should be noted that throughout its implementation a number of problems have been identified considering state regulation. The article provides an economic assessment of the TPOI market. The TPOI economic indicators have been unstable recently and they are developing with great fluctuations. In modern conditions, the systematic work of the All-Russian Union of Insurers and the Russian Association of Motor Insurers is required to overcome crisis phenomena including legislative changes, the development and implementation of innovative digital technologies, the improving interaction with local authorities and courts, and overcoming insurance fraud. The measures and the main directions for the further improvement of the TPOI system are proposed. A purposeful and effective policy including the widespread introduction of modern digital technologies, the improvement of work on the accumulation, storage and processing of data, digitalization and customer-focused key processes for providing insurance services is needed to overcome insurance fraud and to ensure economic security. There is a need to create and approve an interaction algorithm with the traffic police, which allow reducing the time of accident registration.