Державна екологічна інспекція у Чернігівській області, А. А. МІНЯЙЛО, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук, В. М. ЧАЙКА, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор, Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України,

Анотація. Біорізноманіття забезпечує екологічну стійкість екосистем, підтримку постійного кругообігу речовини, енергії та інформації, який забезпечує відновлення природних ресурсів біосфери. Екологи вважають, що планета переживає епоху шостого масового вимирання біоти, найбільшого, починаючи з пізнього пермського і крейдяного періодів. Актуальність нашого дослідження обумовлена необхідністю визначення основних екологічних чинників збіднення видів біоти в Україні. Ця проблема досліджена недостатньо. Вплив різних груп екологічних чинників на флору і фауни визначали за допомогою розрахунку RDB-iндексу. Отримані результати засвідчили, що до головної причини збіднення біорізноманіття слід віднести таки види діяльності людини, які призводять до знищення екологічних ніш. Впровадження екологічних заходів щодо збереження біорізноманіття може уповільнити процес деградації біосфери.

Goal. The effect of temperature on fertility and the timing of the embryonic development of the chestnut moth under laboratory conditions was studied. Methods. Laboratory. Selected pupae of the chestnut moth were placed in thermostats (at a temperature of 15, 20, 25, 30). Then, 5 pairs of pupae of different sexes were placed in glass cages in which the paper was pre-inserted, as a substrate for egg laying. Experiments were performed in four versions — 10 replications each. Cages with each variant were placed in polythermostats at temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30°С. After the butterflies flew out, the paper was taken out of the cage regularly (every two days) and under a microscope of MBS-9 (eyepiece 0.6 magnification 2), the number of laid eggs and caterpillars that hatch were counted. The results were processed statistically by standard methods for biological data. Results. It was determined that at a temperature of 15°C 50% of caterpillars were released from 40 eggs. At 25°C, out of 187 laid chestnut moth eggs, 65% of caterpillars were released. At 20°C, butterflies laid aside 83 instances. 54% of the caterpillars were released. At 30°C, the female chestnut moth was set aside on 17 instances eggs whose embryonic development has not occurred. It was revealed that at 15 and 30°С females are the least active, thus, optimal temperatures for keeping the chestnut moth in laboratory conditions are in the range of 20—25°С. Under these conditions, butterflies mate and lay eggs, the survival rate of which reaches 54—65%. The technique makes it possible in the laboratory to investigate the influence of environmental factors on the state of the chestnut moth population. Findings. It was determined that in laboratory conditions the optimum temperature for the deposition of chestnut moth eggs is 25°C. Butterflies favor the green substrate. Embryonic development lasts 6.1 ± 0.12 days, the survival rate of the populations is 25%. The method of obtaining chestnut moth eggs allows for in-depth experimental studies of the influence of environmental factors on the state of the chestnut moth population.

The possibility of using colored glue traps for detecting and monitoring the dynamics of the number of the chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella was studied. The efficiency of the trap is determined depending on the color.

The present studies were conducted in 2013 in three apple orchards differing from each other by the age, the apple varieties and system of chemical control of pests. Their purpose was to monitor codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) in different types of apple orchards using pheromone traps, finding out the relation between the occurrence of moths and the sum of effective temperatures as well as determining the number of diapausing caterpillars of this species with the use of bands of corrugated paper. The analysis of male flight of codling moth on the basis of pheromone traps makes it possible to state the occurrence of three generations. Increase of average annual temperature is directly influence on generation number of codling moth in Ukraine.