Natural products from Nigerian plants are significant in the search for drug compounds, as they contribute new compounds with biological properties to the fight against resistant pathogens, hence the study. Fresh leaves of M. indica were prepared for fungal isolation, identification, fermentation, and secondary metabolites extraction. The extract, subjected to HPLC analysis revealed presence of two bioactive compounds: p-Hydroxylbenzoic acid, and Protocatechuic acid. The extract exhibited antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli producing IZD of 4 mm respectively at 1 mg/ml. It produced an interesting antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay with 86.7% activity at 0.5 mg/ml. At 0.01 mg/ml, the extract showed 85.3% cytotoxic activity against L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells and showed 96.5% ± 0.173 HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition activity at 0.25 mg/ml. This study confirms Aspergillus sp. from M. indica produces bioactive compounds that could serve as novel drug molecules in the fight against drug resistance.

Aims: This study was designed to verify the immunogenicity (potency) and the safety of tetanus toxoid vaccines marketed in three large open drug markets in South-Eastern Nigeria. Methodology: Tests for Sterility, formaldehyde concentrations, specific toxicity, endotoxin, and immunogenicity (potency) were conducted on three different brands of tetanus toxoids (Brand α -from Ariaria Drug Market, Aba-Abia State; Brand β -from Ogbete Drug Market, Enugu State; and Brand γ -from Bridge-Head Drug Market, Onitsha-Anambra State).Results: All vaccine brands studied passed the sterility testing, but did not comply with the 2011 BP specifications on free formaldehyde concentration, which stipulates that the free formaldehyde concentration should not exceed 0.02%. The three vaccine brands did