Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Пермь, Россия ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ КОНСТРУКЦИОННЫХ СПЛАВОВ ПРИ ДВУХОСНОМ ЦИКЛИЧЕСКОМ НАГРУЖЕНИИРассматриваются вопросы экспериментального исследования мало-и многоцикловой усталости конструкцион-ных сплавов авиационного назначения при двухосном циклическом нагружении. Приведены характеристики специали-зированных испытательных систем Instron 8850 и Instron E10000, отличительной особенностью которых является воз-можность задания произвольных законов нагружения в осевом и окружном направлениях. Представлены методики ис-пытаний при двухосном циклическом нагружении, позволяющие изучать закономерности механического поведения и разрушения конструкционных сплавов в условиях сложного напряженного состояния. Проведены испытания жаропроч-ной легированной стали ЭП517Ш на малоцикловую усталость при циклическом деформировании с пропорциональным и непропорциональным изменением осевой и сдвиговой деформаций. Показано, что для фиксированных величин ам-плитуд осевых и сдвиговых деформаций долговечность стали ЭП517Ш существенно зависит от траектории деформи-рования. В случае непропорционального деформирования ресурс стали ЭП517Ш снижается в два раза по сравнению с пропорциональным нагружением. Для алюминиевого сплава Д16Т получены новые результаты испытаний на много-цикловую усталость, иллюстрирующие зависимость долговечности алюминиевого сплава Д16Т при осевом циклирова-нии с фиксированным значением амплитуды нормальных напряжений от наличия постоянной и небольшой по величине составляющей касательного напряжения.Ключевые слова: экспериментальное исследование, малоцикловая усталость, многоцикловая усталость, сложное нагружение, сложное напряженное состояние. A.V. Ilinykh, V.E. Wildeman, M.P. TretyakovPerm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURAL ALLOYS UNDER BIAXIAL CYCLIC LOADINGThe problems of experimental investigation of low-and high-cycle fatigue of structural alloys for aviation purposes under biaxial cyclic loading are considered. Spesialized testing systems Instron 8850 and Instron E10000 are provided. Their identifying feature is possibility to specify arbitrary loading laws in the axial and circumferential directions. The experimental procedures for biaxial cyclic loading, which allow for studying the regularities of mechanical behavior and destruction of structural alloys under conditions of a complex stress state, are presented. Low-cycle fatigue tests of alloy during cyclic deformation with proportional and non-proportional changes of axial and shear strains were carried out. It is shown, that for the constant ranges of axial and shear deformations amplitudes longevity of alloy depends on deformation path. In the case of a disproportionate deformation the resource of the alloy is reduced by half compared with the proportional loading. New results for the high-cycle fatigue tests of aluminum alloy are obtained. There are illustrat...
During operation, modern structures and their parts are subjected to complex cyclic loads. In this case, a complex stress-strain state can arise in products, which can lead to a significant decrease in their fatigue life. In this regard, the development of methods for predicting fatigue fracture of critical structures becomes urgent. The purpose of this work is to test a simple approach for describing multiaxial fatigue datasets presented in the literature and compare it with known multiaxial fatigue models. Within the framework of the study, actual experimental data was considered, containing experimental data on the multiaxial fatigue of aluminum alloys 2024-T3 and 2024-T4. The alloys are actively used in the designs of aircraft, ships and spacecraft. As a result, the Sines model and its modernized version were considered (taking into account the first invariant of the stress tensor with respect to amplitude values). At the same time, an approach was developed to determine the constants of the models based on the results of two variants of training experiments. The paper presents the results in the form of relationships of the predicted and experimental fatigue life, obtained using the Sines model and its modification for two types of training tests. In the final part of the work, a comparative analysis of the Sines model and its modification, Smith-Watson-Topper, Fatemi-Socie and its modification is carried out. The analysis showed that the modified Sines model significantly improves the predictive ability, the proposed model better described the experimental data than the traditional Sines model and the Smith-Watson-Topper approach. At the same time, the descriptive ability of the model is comparable to the Fatemi-Socie one.
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