Different methods for oestrus induction and synchronization in domestic small ruminants have been developed.Seasonality and female's status are important factors for choosing the most appropriate treatment. In the case of females during breeding season, prostaglandins can be used since functional corpus luteum must be present in the ovaries, while during non-breeding season females should be treated with progesterone-based treatments, accompanied by equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG), releasing hormones and other compounds. Significant spread of oestrus synchronization during and after the breeding season has been achieved by the use of intravaginal sponges impregnated with synthetic analogues of progesterone. However, the effect of hormonal drugs on the female reproductive system may manifest differently depending on the initial functional state of reproductive organs and the hormonal status, and negative consequences can be observed when drugs are wrongly administered. In addition, insufficient knowledge about the patterns of change in the reactivity of the nervous sexual centers and the corresponding reactions of the body to the administration of hormones reduces their effectiveness, which limits the widespread use. In general, the induction and synchronization of oestrus in small ruminants is an currently important direction of scientific research and an urgent problem of sheep and goat breeding, but the proposed methods require further improvement by reducing the costand increasing biosecurity and predictability of the result.

Представлені результати науково-виробничого дослідження з оптимізації схеми синхронізації статевих циклів ремонтних телиць в умовах промислового молочного комплексу. Експериментально встановлено, що графік застосування гормональних препаратів достовірно впливає на ефективність прояву індукованого статевого циклу в прогнозовані терміни. Так, схеми ін'єкції гормональними препаратами тварин-аналогів по варіантах загальноприйнятих протоколів OvSynch та PreSynch показали візуальний прояв еструсу в телиць на рівні 86,79 і 89,16 %, а заплідненість за даними УЗД в 35 діб-52,38 і 60,80 % відповідно. Відсутність планового числа індукованих циклів разом з низьким рівнем запліднення негативно позначилась на ритмічності графіка отелення. Запроваджена з врахуванням завдань виробництва експериментальна схема застосування гормональних препаратів, що базувалась на показниках пальпаторної діагностики активного жовтого тіла яєчників, виявила наявні фізіологічні резерви регуляції статевої функції ремонтного поголів'я: всі телиці, що мали морфологічні показники (функціональні жовті тіла) до цільового застосування препаратів-аналогів простагландину F 2α, проявили ознаки статевого збудження, а заплідненість при мінімальному гормональному навантаженні становила 65,0 %. Аналіз одержаних результатів виявив істотні ресурси економії коштів і робочого часу персоналу за рахунок зменшення кількості ветеринарних препаратів, але з'ясував необхідність високої кваліфікації зооветеринарних спеціалістів для оптимізації відтворення ремонтного поголів'я в умовах промислового виробництва молока.

As the basis for prevention of tuberculosis is the use of BCG vaccine. The experience of using the tuberculous vaccine has shown quite positive results. Mycobacterium bovis of BCG vaccine strain, which are preserved in laboratories from different countries may differ slightly in their biological properties, including virulence and immunogenicity. Objective of work is to investigate the stability attenuation of BCG vaccine strain. BCG vaccine strain (BCG-Russia) was used for investigations. The morphology, cultural and biochemical properties of mycobacteria determined by means of agreed-upon methods. We used amplifier iCycler iQ5 and a set of reagents for PCR-amplification of DNA  with real-time detection for carrying out PCR. The determination of the virulence and sensitivizing properties of mycobacteria was carried out using the biological test. The pieces of the spleen and lungs were taken for histological examination. It was found that Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains formed on the nutrient medium by Mordovskyi the matted colonies of ivory color with a hilly surface and uneven edges (R-forms). In the smears from colonies, after staining by Ziehl-Neelsen, acid-resistant and non-acid resistant sticks were observed. Mycobacteria BCG strain in the medium of Shkolnykova formed microcolonies, which morphologically resembled «cord». Gene-molecular studies have established the presence of the DNA-target in the mycobacteria of the vaccinal strain. In infected Guinea pigs 3–4 weeks later, an ulcer was formed at the place of introduction of the suspension. Mycobacteria did not cause in laboratory animals the death and development of an infectious process characteristic of tuberculosis. At the autopsy of Guinea pigs characteristic macroscopic changes (tubercular nodes) were not observed. In the spleen of all animals, moderate hyperemia, red pulp hyperplasia were observed. Lymphoid follicles had signs of hyperplasia. At the intersection of laboratory animals of the second and third passages macroscopic pathoanatomical changes were not found. Conclusion: BCG strain do not cause macroscopic pathoanatomical changes in Guinea pigs during three «blind» passages, indicating the stability of his attenuation.

The dangerous epizootic situation of african swine fever (ASF) necessitates a thorough veterinary control at the border and related quarantine measures. The gradual expansion nosological area ASF in Ukraine complicates the system control and eradication of the disease at the state level. The aim of our work was to determine the prevalence of ASF in Ukraine for 2012–2016 years. During the research used epizootological method. According to 2012 in Ukraine were registered one outbreak of ASF. Next outbreaks were recorded in 2014 on the territory of 10 districts of three regions. Over 2015 cases of ASF noted in 27 previously advantaged districts. In 2016 ASF is set in 38 previously advantaged districts. During the 2012–2016 years in Ukraine free from disease 6 remained region: Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Kherson, Dnipropetrovsk and Donetsk. The greatest number of districts in the territory which have been reported outbreaks of ASF was observed in Chernihiv, Odessa, Poltava and Mykolaiv regions. Over the period ASF outbreaks recorded in 28 border districts bordering the Belarus, Russia, Moldova, Hungary and Romania. The territory annexed Crimea from 2013 is considered stable zone trouble of the ASF. Thus, during the years 2012–2016 ASF registered in the territory of 91 administrative district 18 regions of Ukraine.