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Community forests and protected areas have each been proposed as strategies to stop deforestation. These management strategies should be regarded as hypotheses to be evaluated for their effectiveness in particular places. We evaluated the community-forestry hypothesis and the protected-area hypothesis in community forests with commercial timber production and strict protected areas in the Maya Forest of Guatemala and Mexico. From land-use and land cover change (LUCC) maps derived from satellite images, we compared deforestation in 19 community forests and 11 protected areas in both countries in varying periods from 1988 to 2005. Deforestation rates were higher in protected areas than in community forests, but the differences were not significant. An analysis of human presence showed similar deforestation rates in inhabited protected areas and recently inhabited community forests, but the differences were not significant. There was also no significant difference in deforestation between uninhabited protected areas, uninhabited community forests, and long-inhabited community forests. A logistic regression analysis indicated that the factors correlated with deforestation varied by country. Distance to human settlements, seasonal wetlands, and degree and length of human residence were significant in Guatemala, and distance to previous deforestation and tropical semideciduous forest were significant in Mexico. Varying contexts and especially colonization histories are highlighted as likely factors that influence different outcomes. Poorly governed protected areas perform no better as a conservation strategy than poorly governed community forests with recent colonists in active colonization fronts. Long-inhabited extractive communities perform as well as uninhabited strict protected areas under low colonization pressure. A review of costs and benefits suggests that community forests may generate more local income with lower costs. Small sample sizes may have limited the statistical power of our comparisons, but descriptive statistics on deforestation rates, logistic regression analyses, LUCC maps, data available on local economic impacts, and long-term ethnographic and action-research constitute a web of evidence supporting our conclusions. Long-inhabited community forest management for timber can be as effective as uninhabited parks at delivering long-term forest protection under certain circumstances and more effective at delivering local benefits.

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Frutos de maracujá-doce de dez procedências foram avaliados quanto à severidade da antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.) e quanto à perda de matéria fresca em dois ambientes de armazenamento: câmara fria (5ºC e UR de 90%) e em ambiente de sala (23±1ºC e UR de 65±5%). Plantas provenientes de frutos colhidos em estado nativo ou adquiridos nos mercados da Central de Abastecimento de São Paulo- CEAGESP, procedências A, B e C; Viçosa-MG, procedência D; Tomé-Açu-PA, procedência E; Itacoatiara-AM, procedência F; Ouro Preto d'Oeste-RO, procedência G; Domingos Martins-ES, procedência H; Pontes e Lacerda-MT, procedência I; e Rondonópolis-MT, procedência J, foram estabelecidas no Distrito Federal. Após as primeiras colheitas, a melhor planta de cada procedência, selecionada pela maior taxa de vingamento, coloração da casca, tamanho do fruto e menor espessura de casca, foi multiplicada por estaquia. Frutos de três plantas clonadas de cada procedência, obtidos por polinização natural, foram colhidos de vez e mantidos em caixas de papelão padrão. As avaliações do percentual de perda de matéria fresca foram efetuadas no dia da colheita (tempo zero), aos 3; 6; 9 e 12 dias após, enquanto a severidade da antracnose (% da superfície do fruto ocupada por lesões) e incidência (% de frutos atacados) de outras doenças foram quantificadas aos 12 dias de armazenamento. As procedências com menores índices de antracnose foram a I e G. Os frutos armazenados em câmara fria foram menos afetados pela doença. As procedências G e A foram as que, ao final dos doze dias de armazenamento, perderam menos matéria fresca sendo, respectivamente, de 16,68% e 17,86% em ambiente de sala e de 7,71 e 6,61% em câmara fria. Considerando-se a média de todas as procedências, aos 12 dias de armazenamento, a menor perda de matéria fresca (9,78%) ocorreu em câmara fria, contra 22,06% em ambiente de sala. As procedências A, E, F, G e J perderam menos matéria fresca em ambiente natural que as demais.