Utilization of hemp stalks (Cannabis sativa L.) for energy purposes is a promising field of its application, so long as it is possible to use for fuel both whole stalk and waste products after its processing (awnchaff). Hemp stalk has a high calorific value, which is slightly inferior to coal, but exceed those for soft wood and peat. Despite intensive breeding works aimed at reducing tetrahydrocannabinol content, it became possible to keep the primary value of the crop that is an ability to form a good yield of stalks and fibre. As a result of many years of breeding work obtained were non-narcotic monoecious hemp varieties Hliana, Hlukhivskiy 46, Hlukhivski 51 with fibre content 30.0 to 38.9%. Of these, the most promising for the fibre production is variety Hlukhivski 51. By fibre yield, this variety exceeds standard one by 1.5 t/ha.

Aim. With the organization of Research Station first, then Institute of Hemp it was predicted to increase productivity and improve service of hemp-growing branch. Methods. Through traditional breeding different ecotypes of hemp were formed with which was started scientific breeding by methods of selection and hybridization. Results. For 40 years of selection the fiber content in stems of dioecious hemp was increased from 13.9 to 33.5 %. By the method of acclimati-zation the variety US-1, and hybridization – US-6 were created, which united a high yield of stems with high fiber content. Breeders also realized the dream of farmers about creation of monoecious hemp, which opened the way to the mechanization of harvesting. Addicts are "awakened" in nature lulling hemp ability to narcotic excitement; the breeders have forced a non-narcotic hemp, while maintaining their economic characteristics and resistance to damage by pests and diseases. Conclusions. Modern hemp varieties are able to form a crop straw, fiber and seeds within 6.0–11.5; 1.7–2.5 and 0.6–1.2 t/ha, respectively, for the minimum content or complete absence of the main component of cannabinoids – THC. Keywords: local and breeding varieties, monoecious and dioecious hemp, crop capacity, non-narcotic sign.

Aim. In the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, there were significant changes in the hemp growing that affected the improvement of morphological, biological and economic properties, by providing the opportunity, on the example of new varieties, to declare the creation of a new subset of sown hemp in which the main achievements of breeders and seedlings were accumulated. Methods. With the creation of the Institute of Bast Crops, scientific breeding has begun, based on improved and developed new breeding methods that include several significant steps as increasing of the yield of created monoecious form, as the elimination of their narcotic properties. Results. For the first time in the world, non-drug hemp that can produce high yields of straw, fiber and seeds while maintaining immunity to damage to pests and diseases were created. Conclusions. Responding to the doubts of tax of collectors and botanists about the classification of the hemp family, we share the opinion of the first scientists and our teachers that include Cannabis sativa L. and Cannabis indica L. to one species of Cannabis sativa L., combining all kinds and varieties. The elimination of a number of high-yielding varieties of non-drug monoecious hemp, which became the result of long-term breeding, testifies the creation of a new variety of Cannabis sativa L. convar non-narcotic Vyrovets, emphasizing the leadership and executive role of Professor V. Vyrovets during a long selection process. Keywords: hemp, genus, variety, geographical types, selection, productivity, elimination of narcotic.

The Ukrainian national hemp collection consists of 513 dioecious and monoecious hemp samples from 27 countries. The selected best samples differ on different signs. In 2016-2020, a significant collection of hemp with a high content of non-psychotropic cannabinoids was formed and registered and the sample-donor Hlesiia with high seed productivity was submitted for registration to the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.

Aim. An unusually long stay in the shade outside the breeding was such an important economic feature as the content of oil in the hemp seed. Preliminary data attempts to start a study in this direction, under various circumstances, were postponed for some time until the healing properties of the oil were discovered, hidden in the hemp seed. Methods. The third attempt of such researches is based on new high-fibered and high-yield varieties stable on the sign of monoeciousness non-narcotic hemp, the method of research of which is based on traditional breeding developments. Also, on examples of local varieties of ranges of folk selection, samples of world selection of dioecious and monoecious hemp and breeding new varieties, it was established that this feature is subject to systematic selection against the background of improving other varietal features. Results. On the example of restoring breeding to preserve the content of oil, a new population with a high oil content was created, which became the result of changes in the genotype of the Hliana variety by selection. Glutinous oil is characterized by a good ratio of unsaturated linoleic and linolenic acids as 3:1, which opens the prospects for the creation of new medicines. Conclusions. The conducted researches give rise to the hope that, over time, hemp will be added to many traits, and the new varieties will be different by high oil content also. Keywords: monoecious drug-free industrial hemp, breeding, oil content, fatty acid composition.