Вавилова» 190000, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, д. 44 E-mail: v.burenin@vir.nw.ru; d6302@mail.ru Описаны основные проблемы селекции луков, включая создание сортов и гибридов, характери-зующихся высокой урожайностью, скороспелостью и товарностью продукции при выращивании в разных зонах страны. Актуальным является сочетание в сорте и устойчивости к вредонос-ным вредителям и болезням. Перспективна межвидовая гибридизация луков, в результате которой наряду с устойчивостью к болезням, обеспечивается ранневесеннее отрастание растений, высокое их побегообразование, длительный период отдачи зелени, а также высокое содержание сухих веществ, витаминов, и фитонцидов в луковицах и надземной массе. Многолетние виды лука являются донорами и таких ценных свойств как холодо-и морозостой-кость. Учеными ВНИИССОК, Омского СХИ и других учреждений страны созданы целый ряд межви-довых гибридов с использованием дикорастущих видов лука, представляющих несомненный интерес для практического использования. Вместе с тем, значительная часть многолетних видов не совместима с культурными; основная причина -разные числа хромосом у скрещивае-мых партнеров, а отсюда нарушения в мейозе и стерильность потомства. Для преодоления стерильности гибридов эффективными являются современные биотехнологические методы, включая культуру зародышей in vitro и полиплоидизацию. Исходным материалом для исследова-ний служит коллекция ВИР, насчитывающая более 3000 образцов, и разнообразный селекцион-ный материал, полученный селекционерами нашей страны.Ключевые слова: отдаленная гибридизация, лук, виды.

Background. Modern production imposes increased requirements to the range of used cultivars, so the development of new cultivars and hybrids most adapted to certain soil and climatic conditions is an important task of breeding. Materials and methods. Table beet accessions from the VIR collection originating from 17 countries were chosen as the material for the present research. The accessions were studied at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR, at the Genetic Diversity and Plant Bioresources Center of the All-Russian Breeding and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery (VSTISP) and at Maikop Experiment Station, a branch of VIR, according to VIR's guidelines. Results. The relationships between earliness, bolting resistance, cold tolerance and resistance to black root have been established. The majority of the studied accessions had medium resistance to black root. The cultivars 'Asmer Detroit 72' (k-3113, Great Britain), 'Bravo' (k-3047, Russia) and 'Podzimnyaya A-474' (k-1678, Russia) distinguished by resistance to black root, were also characterized by cold tolerance and stable productivity. The differences in bolting resistance among the accessions were found to depend on their origin. The cultivars from Sweden, Finland and from the Russian Northwest were most resistant to bolting. The early accessions 'Perfected Detroit Dark Red' (k-1815, Canada), 'Bikor' (k-2873, the Netherlands), 'Severny shar' (k-1586, Russia) and 'Polyarnaya ploskaya' (k-1585, Russia) were characterized by high rates of the vegetative mass growth and bolting resistance. It was noted that the absolutely monogermic varieties have lower ripening rates, productivity, and resistance to bolting, compared to the multigerm ones, but have similar chemical composition indicators and root quality. Accessions with a wide distribution area that maintain high root productivity at 115-120% to the reference in different climatic conditions have been identified. Conclusions. The research has resulted in the identification of table beet accessions characterized by a complex of biological and economically important traits. The relationships between earliness, resistance to bolting and cold tolerance have been revealed. Genetic sources of monogermicity, bolting resistance, cold tolerance, black root resistance and high root quality are recommended for the use in breeding.

Burenin V.I.-professor, DSc of Agricultural Sciences, major researcher of Department of genetic resources of vegetable crops and cucurbits Artemyeva A.M.*-PhD of Agricultural Sciences, leader researcher, Head of Department of genetic resources of vegetable crops and cucurbits FSBSI "Federal research centre All-Russian institute of plant genetic resources on the name of N.I.Vavilov (VIR)"

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The popularity and wide spread of table beet due to its high nutritional qualities, content of biologically active substances (betaine and betanin), that make it a functional food. For Russia, characterized by a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions, varieties with high adaptability are necessary. Results of studying the genetic resources of table beet, including evaluation of cold resistance and non-bolting, monogermicity, productivity and quality of production are given in article. 56 accessions received by the collection of VIR from 17 countries are served as material for researches. Field study, evaluation of accessions during storage and analysis were carried out according to the methodological instructions of VIR. The evalution of the different origin beet accessions for their bolting showed that varieties from Sweden and Finland, as well as from the northwestern region of Russia, were the most bolting resistant. The variation in the level of bolting in domestic varieties of table beet was significant: from resistant to strongly bolting. The greatest tendency to bolting was observed in domestic varieties of southern origin. The harmfulness of the black root is especially significantly in the modern technology of beet cultivation, when sowing is carried out at a given density of standing plants. There are no varieties absolutely resistant to black root yet. Extra Early Egypt (USA), Banko (Sweden) and Fire Chief (USA), Detroit Supra and Detroit Bolivar (Netherlands), Kholodostoikaya 19 (Belarus), Bravo (Russia) were carried out from the studied accessions. The varieties of wide range, which annually provide a stable harvest in different soil and climatic conditions: Special Crosby (USA) and Forono (Denmark), Bordo 237 (Russia). For the Northern areas as well as inwinter and early spring sowings varieties Fiere Chief и Extra Early (USA), Banko and Adoptiv (Sweden), Podzimnyaya-474 Polyarnaya Ploskaya (Russia) are suitable.