The study of psycho-physiological characteristics of elderly teachers is of great importance. The article aims to study functional indicators of the central nervous system and cognitive performance of elderly teachers. The sample included 21 women at an average age of 56.2). The integral characteristics of the central nervous system activity were diagnosed using Biomysh-Research (LLC Neyrolab, Moscow). Chronoreflexometric tests (simple visual-motor reaction and complex visual-motor reaction) estimated the speed of neuronal sensory information processing, mobility of nervous processes, stability of human sensomotor reactions. The functional state of the central nervous system was diagnosed using the Loskutova's criteria (the functional level of the system, reaction stability, the functionality level). The results were processed in Microsoft Excel and Statistica v.7.0. An optimal functional state of the central nervous system is characteristic of the group of teachers aged 56.2. Processing performance of complex sensorimotor information and duration of differentiating inhibition reflect the reduced cognitive performance in most of the teachers.