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We propose a method for determining the scattering coefficients of biological tissue and changes in the relative volume of blood. The method is based on the difference of the parameters of optical radiation that has passed through a biological tissue and the radiation scattered by it in the opposite direction. The obtained correlations between the ratio of the scattered light modulation coefficients at two wavelengths and the biotissue parameters permits determination of the tissue characteristics directly in the living organism. The scattering coefficients at different wavelengths and the values of the relative volume of blood for different anatomical zones and its changes during physiological loads have been calculated.