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In the article the options for the application of aperture shapes with fractal properties in the design of optical systems are considered. Calculations of mathematical models of point spread functions of a diffraction-limited optical system are performed. The diffraction patterns of the light distribution in these systems are presented, and the point spread functions are considered for various shapes of the aperture stop. Analytical expressions are obtained for the light distribution depending on the pupil shape, which can be used to control the process of image formation. The pupil shape, which has the shape of an equilateral triangle, is chosen as the basic one, and the shape of the pupil as a "Koch snowflake" curve is also considered. Using the Fraunhofer integral, the dependences of the distribution of the spectral density of the complex amplitude on the aperture located on an opaque screen are derived in the Fraunhofer approximation and under the condition of illumination by a plane monochromatic wave. Using the relationship with the complex amplitude, the sought-for intensity distribution in the plane of the diffraction pattern is obtained. Taking into account the simplifications adopted in this article, the solution of the Fraunhofer integral is found, by setting the integration limits, depending on: the selected aperture profile, the coordinate system chosen for it, and the position of nodal points in this system

This paper presents specific examples of the fabrication of the APO Zenit-GL and APO Zenit-GTs high-quality apochromatic objectives, used in the Gamma-L and Gamma-Ts space-based optoelectronic complexes, along with the design of a high-accuracy spectral-beamsplitter prism module. The use of compact mirror-lens optical systems with eccentrically arranged image fields is also considered, and this in turn makes it possible to substantially reduce the mass of the apparatus and creates a fundamentally new class of compact systems for remote probing of the earth.

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В последние годы в мире появляется все больше гиперспектральной аппаратуры, устанавливаемой на авиационных и космических носителях. Космическая гиперспектральная аппаратура уже побывала на орбитах Луны и Марса. В процессе проектирования такой аппаратуры после разработки основных схемотехнических и конструктивных решений необходимо провести оценку их влияния на формируемое изображение и подтвердить заявленные тактикотехнические характеристики. Предложена методика определения характеристик гиперспектральной съемочной аппаратуры (угловой и линейной дисперсии, спектрального разрешения, модуляционной передаточной функции, кривизны спектральных линий) на основе модели аппаратной функции и расчета хода лучей через оптическую систему гиперспектральной съемочной аппаратуры.