Lipids have a key role in the maintenance of cell integrity. Hypolipidemia is related with increased risk of cancer and mortality. Elevated calcium and alkaline phosphatase has also been seen in cancer patients having metastasis. Alteration in serum proteins also has been reported. Hence present study was undertaken in 100 histopathologically confirmed head and neck cancer patients, in Department of Pathology Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, after taking informed written consent and ethical clearance. Lipid Profile, Serum Calcium, Alkaline Phosphatase, Serum Protein with Albumin were estimated and compared with age and sex matched healthy controls. Statistical analysis was done using chi square test. Total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLC), Very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDLC) all decreased in head & neck cancer patients. Hypercalcemia was seen in 35% of patients. Raised Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was seen in 8 % cancer patients. Serum calcium was found to be increasing with advancing stage. Further studies should be carried out in large number of patients to confirm the role of these parameters with special attention to modifiable ones and their relation with staging and grading of cancer, which can be used as prognostic markers.

BACKGROUND:Iron absorption is carefully regulated to maintain equilibrium between the absorption and the body loss of iron. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder of hemoglobin synthesis requiring regular blood transfusion leading to iron overload in the body which leads to morbidity and mortality in these patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate iron overload at an early stage by exfoliative cytology using Perls' Prussian blue method and to compare with that of serum ferritin levels of those patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smears were obtained from buccal mucosa of 60  thalassemia major patients who were undergoing repeated blood transfusion and 30 healthy subjects as control. Scrapings were obtained from the buccal mucosa and stained with Perls' Prussian blue stain and were examined under light microscope. RESULT: Perls' positivity was observed in 61.6% of  thalassemic patients with a moderately positive correlation to serum ferritin levels. CONCLUSION: Exfoliative cytology is a simple painless and a non-invasive technique therefore it can be used as a diagnostic tool in demonstration of iron overload in thalassemic patients.

Introduction: Expression of ER, PR and Ki 67 in epithelial ovarian tumors and their histopathological correlation analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Methods: This study was conducted on 60 ovarian specimens received in Department of Pathology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal for ovarian tumors from 1 st January 2012-31 st august 2016. Results: The expression of ER was more in malignant tumor 21/26 than borderline 5/9 and benign tumors 5/25. The PR expression was more in benign tumors 14/25 than malignant 13/26 and borderline 2/9 tumors. The Ki67 expression was more in malignant tumors 22/26 than borderline 7/9 and benign 1/25 tumors. Conclusion: In our study ER and Ki-67 positivity was maximally seen in malignant cases. This shows that ER was enhanced in ovarian carcinoma and Ki67 was proliferative marker. PR expression was maximally seen in benign tumors. This showed protective role of PR marker in ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUNDSpecimens from cervix constitute a major contributor of gynaecological tissue received for histomorphological evaluation. Benign lesions presents with varied clinical presentations and age distribution. Lesions such as dysplasia and Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions are a precursor to malignancies which have a high mortality and morbidity among Indian women.

Background: Ki-67 expression is strictly associated with cellular proliferation and is an excellent marker for determining the growth fraction of a given cell population. It may be considered as alternative to mitotic counts in grading schemes and as a single parameter that can be used in fine needle aspirates and small biopsies. The aim of this study was to evaluate proliferative fraction of Ki67 expression in invasive breast carcinoma and to find out the correlation between Ki67 expression and clinico-pathological prognostic factors such as tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade and Nottingham prognostic index. Materials and Methods: Seventy cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma breast were studied. Immunohistochemistry using the anti-Ki-67 antibody [MIB-1] was performed on all cases and Ki-67 staining was categorized as low and high grade. Result: High expression of Ki-67 was found in 71.05% cases of breast tumor with positive lymph node metastasis and 92.31% cases of Grade III tumor. Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with nodal status (p<0.0001) and poorly differentiated tumor (p<0.0001). Although, Ki-67 expression was associated with tumor size, but their correlation was not statistically significant (p= 0.065). Conclusion: High Ki-67 expression was associated with a higher grade of malignancy. Conclusively, proliferative activity determined by Ki-67 expression may reflect the aggressive behavior of breast carcinoma. Ki-67 detection provides valuable information about proliferative activity of cells so, it is necessary to combine this with other parameters for better prognosis.