A method for the synthesis of bioactive hydroxyapatite (HA) adapted for industrial production is described. It is established that a nanocrystalline HA gel more effectively stimulates osteogenic activity than does HA powder. In addition, the HA gel is suitable as injection for direct introduction into bone wounds and can be used for the impregnation of porous ceramic implants in order to improve their bioactivity and biocompatibility. It is shown that thermal and gamma-ray sterilization of HA-based preparations does not influence their properties as well as their stability during 3-year storage.

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Zirconia-alumina ceramic foam scaffolds with a nanocrystalline HAP coating were used for the preparation of integrated motile orbital implants. This study demonstrated that open-cell ceramic foams with enhanced strength-to-density ratio are quite suitable as biocompatible materials for the manufacture of orbital implants for post-enucleation syndrome treatment. In-vivo studies demonstrated that the application of a nanocrystallyne (not sintered) HAP coating facilitated the formation of dense fibrous capsule around the implant as well as the fast tissue ingrowth into the implant’s internal space. Orbital implants with the optimized pore size and HAP content were implanted to the animal’s eye cavity with their fixation to the extraocular muscles, and their motility was ensured.

Background. Computed tomography (CT) allows visualizing the bone and soft tissue structures of the orbit in a three-dimensional projection, fixing the position of the eyeball and determining the causes of the development of exophthalmos. The aim of the study was to develop an algorithm for CT diagnostics of exophthalmos in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy. Material and methods. CT with determination of bone and soft tissue structures of the orbits in three-dimensional projection was performed in 90 patients with image intensifier, whose exophthalmometry data exceeded 18mm. Considering the presence of clinical signs of the disease, they were subdivided into two groups: Group I (n=42) - patients with exophthalmos without classical EOP symptoms with exophthalmometry in the range of ≥ 18 to ≤23mm; Group II (n = 48) - patients with exophthalmos accompanied by classical EOP symptoms, whose exophthalmometry was more than 23mm. Results. The indicators were revealed that characterize the anatomical features of the bone part of the orbital complex, with a deviation from which the risk of developing exophthalmos is much higher and its clinical manifestation, associated with changes in intraorbital structures (thickness and density of muscles and retrobulbar tissue), is much higher and more severe. Conclusions. The data obtained made it possible to develop an algorithm for diagnosing exophthalmos with image intensifier and to propose a set of rational organizational measures and diagnostic techniques for its timely detection and establishment of a clinical and functional diagnosis at the stage of outpatient and / or inpatient care, as well as substantiation of the treatment method.