The legal problems of identification and evaluations of the probability of corruption risks manifestation are analyzed in the article. Found, most of anti-corruption measures of the authorities are formal and amount to the adoption of political documents. The purpose of the article is the theoretical substantiation of the components of the process of managing corruption risks and motivating the most appropriate methods of risk assessment. The following is proposed in the article: the anti-corruption control is understood as a system of checks aimed at identifying corruption risks and assessing the implementation of anti-corruption measures at the enterprise; the corruption risk is understood as the probability that an event of a corruption offence or the offence related to corruption will occur, which will negatively influence the achievement of the enterprise's goals and objectives. It is recommended that the reasons for corruption risks are conditions that encourage (stimulate), cause or allow a person in the course of his or her functional duties, to commit unlawful acts characterized by deceit, concealment or misuse of trust in order to obtain money, property or services, as well as to evade the payment of funds for personal gain. The realization of corruption risk is manifested in various types of corporate fraud, in particular, illegal appropriation of assets, corruption as a result of conflict of interests, fraud involving the manipulation of accounting (reporting) data. It is stated that the main criterion that determines the probability of corruption risk manifestation is the frequency of cases of committing a corruption offence, taking into account the time limits. In this regard, there are risks with a low, average and high level of manifestation probability.
The influence of carbon and the type of forms on the wear resistance, hardness and strength of samples from chromium iron made of ИЧХ18ВМ cast iron was investigated. The analysis of the structural structure of the samples of cast iron ИЧХ18ВМ depending on the type of shape and amount of carbon was made. It is established that regardless of the type of forms with increasing carbon content the formation of large primary carbides is observed, and then the emergence of particularly large trigonal carbides in a hypereutectic iron was confirmed. It is shown that regardless of the type of forms the formation and growth of carbides are influenced by such factors as an increase in the carbon content and the rate of solidification. A comparison was made between the hardness, strength, and wear resistance of samples obtained at different heat exchange and solidification rates.
The results of experimental studies to determine the effect of alloying and heat treatment on the mechanical properties of the high-chromium cast iron are described. When alloying the melt with nickel, molybdenum and manganese, as well as during heat treatment by quenching, specific wear, tensile strength in bending of the obtained samples, their hardness and microhardness were studied. A comparative analysis of the influence of alloying elements and heat treatment methods has been performed. When alloying Ni, Mo, and Mn, cast specimens that have not undergone heat treatment have the highest specific wear. It was established that the hardened Ni alloyed samples have the greatest bending strength. It was found that cast samples that were not subjected to heat treatment have much lower hardness and microhardness. The approximate composition of chromium cast iron was determined for further studies to increase its wear resistance. The research results are used in the manufacturing process of parts for crushing and grinding equipment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.