Properly diagnosed tumor-like formations of the ovaries facilitate the correct selection of patients who may not require surgery, or choose surgery with minimal access if such intervention is required. Subjective assessment of the features of tumor-like formations with the help of ultrasound diagnostics, including compression elastography, proved to be highly effective in the differential diagnosis of bulky ovarian formations. All tumor-like formations have their sonographic features that allow making a reliable diagnosis of a particular formation. The article reveals data on the diagnostic significance of multiparametric ultrasound imaging in the detection of ovarian tumor-like formations. A detailed sonographic picture of tumor-like formations in B-mode, color, and pulse Doppler mode and compression sonoelastography mode was analyzed. This examination was especially relevant for women of reproductive age, as it depended on the further tactics of treatment of each patient. For all types of tumor-like formations ovaries, a qualitative feature was determined - elastotype on the Ueno scale and the index of stiffness (Strain Ratio) - a quantitative indicator. Follicular cysts, endometrioid and periovarian cysts were found to belong to the 0 elastotype. Cysts of the corpus luteum belonged to the II elastotype on the Ueno scale. The lowest values of the stiffness index were seen in follicular and periovarian cysts, and the highest value was observed in endometrioid cysts. Our results have shown that ultrasound examination of ovarian tumors is an accurate and highly informative method.

In order to increase the diagnostic value of ultrasound diagnostics, qualitative and quantitative Doppler indicators in the detection of bulky ovarian tumors were determined. A comprehensive examination of 149 patients with additional ovarian tumors, which consisted of three groups of patients. The control group included 30 women who did not have large ovarian tumors. Detailed qualitative assessment of blood flow loci was determined using energy Doppler, and quantitative – pulse. The main parameters that were evaluated were maximum blood flow velocity (Vmax), resistance index (IR), pulsation index (PI).Studies have shown that color Doppler showed neovascularity in 46 (95.8%) malignant tumors in contrast to only 35 (68.6%) benign tumors. Malignant tumors are characterized by a change in vascular velocity with an increase in peak systolic velocity and a decrease in the resistance index. Vmax and PI values increase slightly in tumor-like and benign tumors, but in malignant tumors they increase almost twice as much as in the control group (p <0.05), and RI on the contrary - halves in malignant pathology (p <0.05). In 33 (68.8%) cases of ovarian malignancies, the RI was <0.5 and none of the benign tumors had an RI <0.4. Most benign tumors (82.4%) had an RI> 0.6 (p <0.0001).The results of research show that Doppler imaging is an indispensable component of ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of bulky ovarian tumors, as neoangiogenesis has its own characteristics that can be effectively detected using Doppler modes.

The methods of radiological diagnostics of the osseous tissue of the lower extremities in patients with chronic arterial insufficiency caused by type II diabetes mellitus are analyzed in the article. Etalon densitometry and a multidetector computed tomography were found to have the highest sensitivity, specificity and correlation. Dual-energy X-ray densitometry has a weak correlation with the above mentioned methods and low rates of sensitivity and specificity respectively.

The latest viral disease, which continues to spread today, is caused by a new coronavirus and poses a serious threat to public health around the world. To date, the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women and infants have not been fully studied and remain a key area of interest. The study aimed to assess utero-placental circulation using Doppler ultrasound for pregnant women with a case history of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A Doppler screening of utero-placental hemodynamics was performed for 156 pregnant women at 18-22 weeks. Of those, 75 pregnant women with a case history of coronavirus disease COVID-19 were in the first trimester of pregnancy. An abnormal blood flow was observed within the experimental group in 14 cases (18.6%). The analysis of spectrograms revealed the unevenness of the diastolic component with the formation of a dicrotic notch in the early diastolic phase in 5 cases (6.6%). In comparison with the control group, pregnant women with COVID-19 were twice as likely to have impaired blood flow in the uterine arteries. Uterine artery doppler measurement is really important for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes and perinatal losses. Doppler indices of utero-placental blood flow have clinical value for pregnant women who have recovered from COVID-19.