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Aim. To fi nd out the contents and placement of CD4+, CD8+, CD45RA+, CD20+-lymphocyte subpopulations and morphocytochemical architecture of the harderian gland in clinically healthy chickens and for vaccination against infectious bronchitis. Methods. Anatomical, histological, immunohistochemical, optical, morphometric and variational-statistical. Results. The obtained morphometric study results showed that the area of secretory lobules and lymphoid formations was signifi cantly larger in the harderian gland of vaccinated 40-, 90- and 110-day-old chickens. Moreover, the organ size correlates signifi cantly with the development of lymphoid formations, since the area of the secretory lobules in the gland of the experimental group chickens does not differ from that of the control group. Immunohistochemical studies have shown that the number of lymphocytes with CD20+ markers was characterized by a reliable (P < 0.001) increase in B-lymphocytes in the harderian gland of the vaccinated chickens of all ages. Lymphocytes with CD8+ markers were not detected in the gland of vaccinated 8- and 20-day-old chickens. According to cytomorphometric studies, their number in vaccinated 40-, 90- and 110-day-old chickens was signifi cantly (P < 0.001) higher compared to intact birds – 2.11, 2.38 and 2.96 times, respectively. Conclusions. The data on the composition of lymphocytes with CD4+, CD8+, CD45RA+, CD20+ markers in the harderian gland of chickens of different age, on their changes in case of immunization against infectious bronchitis were obtained, and the role of certain clusters at different stages of the immunity formation was determined. The information on the structure, patterns of growth and development of the harderian gland of chickens, which demonstrates the incompleteness of its morphogenesis at the early stages of the postnatal ontogenesis period that should be taken into account during the compilation of vaccine prophylaxis programs, has been supplemented.

The article is presented many scientific papers, which comprehensively covered violations of D-vitamin and phosphorus-calcium metabolism devoted to pathology of metabolism in young cattle. A characteristic feature of most of these diseases is that they are mostly hidden the stage of flow at which the developing pathobiochemical disorders, back even to the stage of pathognomonic symptoms. The aim of the work was to study the distribution, etiology, clinical and biochemical status of calves with D-hypovitaminosis in one of the farms in Zhytomyr Polissya region. As the materials for the study there were used clinically healthy and 1-3 months old calves with clinical signs of rickets. There were studied keeping and feeding conditions of animals. There were conducted clinical and experimental studies. Diagnosis and distribution of D-hypovitaminosis in 1-3 months old calves have been studied using clinical and laboratory methods. It was established that Dhypovitaminosis in calves is widespread on the farm. There was found that 45.8% of animals showed subclinical course and 24.1%clinical course of the disease. The pathology was more often recorded during the winter and spring time. The main etiological factors of the disease in calves there were hypodynamia and insufficient insolation of animals, low availability of cholecalciferol (25.8 %), impaired calciumphosphorus ratio (2.7-4.2: 1 vs. normal values 1.5-2.0:1), deficiency of trace elements-Cobalt, Zinc, Copper, which were provided 57,6, 85,6 and 96,2 % of the need, respectively. Characteristic symptoms of the disease in calves are suckering, allotriophagia, thickening of the wrist joints, partial resorption of the last ribs and tail vertebrae, shaky teeth. The most informative laboratory tests for the diagnosing of the rickets are the determination in blood serum of cholecalciferol, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity and its bone isoenzyme.

The article presents a study of the organization of milk production technology on the farm with tethered and tethered-boxing of cows. It has been established that one of the departments uses Dairy Plan C21 herd management software. This makes it possible to obtain comprehensive data on milk productivity, health, and behavior of each cow, group of animals, and the herd. Pre- and post-milking treatment of cows' teats with means based on a probiotic culture of Bacillus subtilis, Forticept® Udder Wash, and Zooprotect. According to the research results, data on production and sales were obtained, and indicators of quality and safety of whole raw milk from two departments were analyzed. Gross milk production for the year at section 1 with free-range boxing of cows was 1875.4 tons, the average annual yield per cow – 7381 kg, milk marketability – 96.3 %. The production figures for section № 2 with tethered animals were – 1324.2 tons, 7333 kg, and 96.5 %, respectively. The study found that the average annual amount of MAFANM in milk from cows at tethered housing was 37 ± 3.6 × 104 thousand CFU/cm3; loose-box – 35 ± 4.1 × 104 thousand CFU/m3; the number of somatic cells is 327.8 ± 28.73 and 332.1 ± 29.91 thousand cm3, respectively. In the milk of cows from section № 2 the protein content was 3.19 ± 0.067 %, fat – 3.78 ± 0.106 %, fat/protein ratio – 1.18 : 1. Slightly higher values were obtained when studying cows' milk from the sections № 1 – 3.22 ± 0.033; 3.88 ± 0.093 %, and 1.21 : 1, respectively. According to normative indicators, the fat/protein ratio is 1.2–1.4 : 1. It should be noted that deviations from these indicators indicate a violation of metabolic processes in cows. Indicators of acidity and density in cow's milk were within the normative values. According to research, no heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, or inhibitors have been detected in whole raw milk. Therefore, analyzing the data obtained, it should be noted that the milk produced on the farm and sold to processing enterprises meets the requirements for quality milk. According to the national standard, it is suitable for producing quality and safe products.

Neonicotinoids are a relatively small group of organic compounds that are widely used in crop production as insecticides. They are highly toxic to insects, and much less toxic to mammals, including humans. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic toxicity of insecticides from the group of neonicotinoids Mospilan RP (active substance acetamiprid) and Actara 25 WG (active substance thiamethoxam) on white mice. The chronic toxicity was induced by daily internal introduction of Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG to mice for 30 days at the doses of 1/10 of Median Lethal Dose reported as 65 and 363 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. The affected mice showed thrombocytosis, neutrophilic leukocytosis, and lymphocytopenia. Blood plasma hyperproteinemia in mice treated with Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG was characterized by an increase in globulins content by almost 30.0% in both groups. In Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG treated groups, there was a reduction in urea content by 43.6% and 31.5%, respectively, an increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity by 80% and 60.0%, and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase by 80% and almost 400%, respectively. Compared to the control group, the activity of alanine aminotransferase increased to 23.0% only in mice that were given Mospilan RP but not in mice that were given Actara 25 WG.