No abstract

Elements of the complex evaluation of inorganic waste condition to use it as a source of raw material for production of man-made soils with application of staged criterial selection are introduced. The proposed elements allow identification of waste which can be recycled to man-made soils within the waste-forming area of a region. Complex technology of sludge treatment prior to disposal is developed. The proposed system allows for reduction of expenditures on purchasing natural soils for recovery of disturbed territories, as well as waste placement costs.

A comprehensive analysis of the state of a specially protected natural area disturbed by the disposal of waste — alcohol stillage is presented. The choice of a method for restoring the disturbed territory is presented and a technology for carrying out reclamation work has been developed, including the treatment of alcohol stillage waste, is developed.

Introduction. The active development of the transport network of highways is one of the areas of construction activities, the environmental safety of which does not fully comply with environmental requirements. The road transport complex has a negative impact on all existing components of ecosystems, but the greatest impact is associated with the formation of waste generated during the reconstruction of highways. To minimize the negative impact of the road construction complex waste management on environmental components, it is necessary to supplement the well-known methods of assessing the created schemes and methods with approaches associated with the analysis of environmental safety. Materials and methods. Due to the fact that most of the waste generated during the reconstruction of highways is multi-composite, a classification by enlarged types is proposed, depending on their chemical composition and state of aggregation. Results. For the numerical assessment of the biopositivity parameter in the comparative analysis of various technologies, the method of hierarchy analysis was tested, which is based on the principles of decomposition, pairwise comparisons and synthesis of priorities. In general, the assessment of biopositivity is a hierarchical procedure that includes operations related to the transformation of the scale and its aggregation. The most significant factors reflecting the impact of the technologies under consideration on the environment were selected as the criteria for the assessment. Conclusions. The presented calculations of the biopositivity parameter for the considered methods of reconstruction of highways in swampy areas showed that the peat technology has the least impact on the environment. The bio-positivity index during peat extraction is 2 times higher than when using geocontainer processing of wetlands.

The activity of housing services and utilities results in great amounts of waste: sludge of water and wastewater utilities, waste waters of TPPs and recycling water supply. The known ways of such waste utilization are related to production of construction materials and secondary reactants for wastewater treatment. Though the volumes of sludge most often exceed the regional demand in raw materials for local construction materials or coagulants. Moreover sludge as man-made raw material cannot compete with their natural analogues in terms of quality.The basic characteristics of housing and communal services sludge storages were considered from the perspective of their target development. The system of state assessment of sludge storages was represented by the multidimensional data analysis. The waste disposal facilities considered in this study were classified into three groups from the perspective of the feasibility and practicability of their abandoning. An example of the digital matrix of waste disposal facilities’ condition was given. The constructive and technological design of the system of recultivating materials production was given.