For finding the way of achieving a just punishment we drew up a special questionary containing open question and conducted a survey among 350 federal judges from 20 subjects of the Russian Federation. The survey was conducted in the course of 2017 by forwarding the questionaries to the courts of all regions; in January 2018, we analyzed and summarized the resulted obtained. We selectively studies sentences passed by judges from the same regions and concluded that there are several possible options: 1. Court gave a correct appraisal of the criteria of justice provided by law, though the public does not consider the punishment to be fair. Therefore, social level of justice is unrealized; it may result from deformation in public consciousness as for certain legal processes, although, while imposing punishment a judge must aspire to realize social public will and minimize social opposition as for the penalty imposed; 2. The court gave incorrect appraisal of legal criteria and punishment may not be considered as fair, nevertheless, due to the deformation in public consciousness, the public may still regard such punishment as fair, though it not being the said. 3. Finally, the most favorable situationwhen a sentence is passed in compliance with all legal criteria and successfully undergoes social expertise; in this case, one may say that justice is attained and the punishment is fair.

The concept and legal meaning of a criminal record varies significantly in different countries and even in different jurisdictions within a country. In most states of the world, a criminal record is a person's criminal history, which is taken into account when sentencing a newly committed crime. It seems expedient to carry out a survey study of the concept and legal meaning of criminal record in individual Eastern European states and its impact on the implementation of the principle of justice. The subject of the research is the criminal legislation, judicial practice and doctrine of Poland and the Czech Republic. It is supposed to solve the following tasks: to determine the nature and concept of a criminal record; to reveal its general legal significance; to reveal the criminal law value of a criminal record; consider the system of legal restrictions, which involves a criminal record; provide conditions and grounds for cancellation of a criminal record; correlate convictions with other national criminal law institutions. The research results are also significant in that they will bring closer to the global level of research on the problems of criminal records.

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Despite the awareness of the importance of digital transformation of highways as the basis for life safety, social and economic development of the country, the issues of technical, legal and financial regulation of the digitalization of the transport complex at the federal and regional levels, a detailed assessment of the impact of digital technologies in transport on social and economic processes in modern Russian society. In the Russian doctrine in recent years, research has been carried out in general on the formation and development of the digital economy in Russia, in which intelligent transport systems are mentioned pointwise and only in general terms without their comprehensive analysis. Based on the assessment of the current state and trends in the development of info-communication transport infrastructure in Russia, foreign experience, potential problems of the implementation of digital technologies in transport in the socioeconomic and legal dimension were identified, specific proposals were formulated on the legal and financial regulation of issues and minimization of the risks of liability for harm in conditions development of information transport systems. The role of the programs “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” and “Safe and High-Quality Roads” in the development of intelligent transport systems has been analyzed, and as a result, promising areas for the use of unmanned vehicles to improve the quality of life of people, develop entrepreneurship, high-tech industries, and increase the investment attractiveness of Russia have been identified. and strengthening its position in the international arena. The study used the following methodological principles: objectivity; determinism; historicism; integrity; consistency; structure; functionality; hierarchy; pluralism of explanation and understanding of law; comparative studies. The study uses private methods: legal analytics, legislative techniques, legal comparative studies, expert assessments. As the main results of the study, the features of the legal regulation of new and promising relations arising in the digital economy have been identified. This is a strategic legal planning and legal experiment. Taking into account this conclusion, a system of prerequisites for the development of intelligent transport systems was formulated based on the analysis of national programs. The system of prerequisites includes three levels: technological prerequisites, infrastructural and regulatory.