The definition of new molecular biomarkers could provide a more reliable approach in predicting the prognosis of invasive breast cancers (IBC). The aim of this study is to analyze the expression of p16 protein in IBC, as well as its participation in malignant transformation. The study included 147 patients diagnosed with IBC. The presence of non-invasive lesions (NIL) was noted in each IBC and surrounding tissue. p16 expression was determined by reading the percentage of nuclear and/or cytoplasmic expression in epithelial cells of IBC and NIL, but also in stromal fibroblasts. Results showed that expression of p16 increases with the progression of cytological changes in the epithelium; it is significantly higher in IBC compared to NIL (p < 0.0005). Cytoplasmic p16 expression is more prevalent in IBC (76.6%), as opposed to nuclear staining, which is characteristic of most NIL (21.1%). There is a difference in p16 expression between different molecular subtypes of IBC (p = 0.025). In the group of p16 positive tumors, pronounced mononuclear infiltrates (p = 0.047) and increased expression of p16 in stromal fibroblasts (p = 0.044) were noted. In conclusion, p16 protein plays an important role in proliferation, malignant transformation, as well as in progression from NIL to IBC.

No abstract

Odre ivanje preoperativnih vrednosti serumskog prostata specifi nog antigena (PSA) predstavlja primarnu proceduru u dijagnozi razli itih patoloških promena u prostati (karcinoma prostate-KP, prostati ne intraepitelne neoplazije-PIN i benigne hiperplazije prostate-BHP), nakon ega sledi digitorektalni pregled i biopsija prostate kao zlatni standard. Me utim, visoka senzitivnost i niska specifi nost PSA testa u dijagnozi karcinoma prostate (KP) predstavlja problem u klini koj praksi. Cilj rada je utvrditi dijagnosti ke perfomanse serumskog PSA u dijagnozi KP, PIN i BHP. Ispitivanjem je obuhva eno 100 pacijenata podeljenih u tri grupe: 70 sa KP, 20 sa PIN i 10 sa BHP. Pacijenti sa PIN i BHP inili su kontrolnu grupu. Preoperativne vrednosti PSA odre ene su metodom Tandem-R, a na osnovu dobijenih rezultata pacijenti su podeljeni u grupe: 4-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40 i >40. Definitivna patohistološka dijagnoza postavljena je na rutinskim hematoksilin-eozin preparatima. Za svaku vrednost PSA kod KP odre ena je area ispod ROC krivulje, senzitivnost-SE i specifi nost-SP. Preoperativne vrednosti serumskog PSA kod pacijenata sa KP (medijan-35,82 ng/ml, min-6 ng/ml, max-960,40 ng/ml) zna ajno su ve e u odnosu na PIN (medijan-9,15 ng/ml, min-3,16 ng/ml, max-27,61 ng/ml) i BHP (medijan-8,68 ng/ml, min-0,80 ng/ml, max-31,20 ng/ml). Najbolje dijagnosti ke karakteristike PSA pokazuju se pri grani noj vrednosti koncentracije od 10 ng/ml (AUC=0,781; SE=92,9%; SP=63,3%; p<0,0001). Vrednost PSA je od velike pomo i u dijagnostici manifestnog, ali i po etnih formi KP. Sve vrednosti PSA iznad 10 ng/ml svakako treba da pobude zna ajnu sumnju na postojanje karcinoma prostate, pre nego na bilo koju drugu patohistološku promenu. Klju ne re i: karcinom prostate, prostata specifi ni antigen, senzitivnost, specifi nost.

Prognoza i izbor terapije adenokarcinoma prostate (ADKP) direktno zavise od brojnih prediktivnih faktora, među kojima su najznačajniji zbirni histološki gradus tumora (Gleason score, koji predstavlja zbir prvog i drugog dominantnog histološkog gradusa) i klinički stadijum. Novija istraživanja u ove faktore ubrajaju i tkivni androgen status i neuroendokrinu diferencijaciju. Važnost prvog i drugog dominantnog histološkog gradusa naročito postaje značajan kod ADKP Gleason score-a 7. Smatra se da goru prognozu imaju ADKP višeg Gleason score-a, uznapredovalog kliničkog stadijuma, androgen nezavisni tumori i tumori koji pokazuju veći stepen neuroendokrine diferencijacije. Cilj rada je odrediti prediktivni značaj ADKP Gleason score-a 7 (3+4) i ADKP Gleason score-a 7 (4+3) u odnosu na klinički stadijum, tkivni androgen status i stepen fokalne neuroendokrine diferencijacije. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 33 ADKP Gleason score-a 7, odnosno 26 (78,79%) ADKP 7 (3+4) i 7 (21,21%) ADKP 7 (4+3). Svi tumori su najčešće dijagnostikovani u stadijumu D2 kada su već postojale udaljene metastaze. ADKP Gleason score-a 7 (4+3) dijagnostikovani su u većem procentu u ovom stadijumu, među njima ima više androgen nezavisnih tumora i pokazuju veći stepen fokalne neuroendokrine diferencijacije. Svi dobijeni rezultati u saglasnosti su sa podacima iz literature i navode na zaključak da ADKP Gleason score-a 7 (4+3) imaju goru prognozu od ADKP Gleason score-a 7 (3+4).

Prostate cancer (CP) is the most common malignancy in men in America, while it is the second most common in Europe. It is responsible for about 10% of cancer deaths in the same population. It is clinically manifested in various forms, from slow-growing to aggressive forms with pronounced metastatic potential. Diagnosis is made by a well-defined algorithm, which begins with the determination of serum prostate specific antigen values and ends with prostate biopsy as the "gold standard". Pathohistological diagnostic criterias are based on architectural, cytoplasmic, nuclear and characteristics of intraluminal structures, as well as periacinar cleftings, which are deffined as helpfull diagnostic criteria of undoubted importance. Prognostic and predictive parameters are classified into three categories. Some of them are an integral part of routine pathohistologicat report, while others are considered as the diagnostic process progresses. Modern knowledge introduces biomarkers into the everyday practice of personalized medicine, especially when is necessary to treat prostate cancer patients.