1 ФГБНУ ВНИИ радиологии и агроэкологии, Обнинск; 2 ФГБОУ ВПО Калужский государственный университет им. К.Э. Циолковского, Калуга; 3 ФГБУН Институт ядерной физики им. Г.И. Будкера Сибирского отделения РАН, Новосибирск Ранее показано, что холодная стерилизация рыбных пресервов на -установке с мощностью дозы 1,5 Гр/с максимально эффективна при дозе 6 кГр и не нарушает качества продукции. Однако неизвестно, как увеличение мощности дозы в 100 и более раз может повлиять на ве-личину оптимальной антибактериальной дозы и качественные показатели продукта. В связи с этим цель работы -исследование эффективности холодной стерилизации рыбных пресер-вов электронным излучением с разными дозиметрическими параметрами. В исследовании использованы рыбные пресервы, которые облучали на импульсном электронном ускорителе с энергией электронов 5 МэВ в диапазоне доз от 1,5 до 6,0 кГр. Контролем была необлучён-ная продукция. В контрольных образцах общее количество мезофильных аэробных и фа-культативно анаэробных микроорганизмов и дрожжей на 15 сутки после изготовления было в 100 и 1,5 раза соответственно выше норматива, что сопровождалось преждевременным на-рушением органолептических показателей. Напротив, все показатели облучённой продукции соответствовали норме. Максимальный антибактериальный эффект отмечали при дозе 6 кГр. Во время хранения облучённой продукции процессы порчи не развивались. На основа-нии выполненных исследований сделано заключение, что использование электронного уско-рителя для холодной стерилизации рыбных пресервов в дозах от 3 до 6 кГр не нарушает ка-чества продукции, гарантирует микробиологическую безопасность и продлевает сроки хра-нения.

No abstract

When studying the effects of lead on mammals, one of the informative indicators is the level of metallothioneins (MTs) in organs. MTs are low molecular weight proteins (6-7 kDa) containing up to 30 % cysteine which bind heavy metal ions (Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ , Cu 2+) and act as a trap for free radicals. It is assumed that the MTs content in tissues of mammals depends not only on the amount of lead, the way of intake (with water and/or diet), the type of the tissue and its physiological functions, but on the number of cells in the body and their functional activity. At the same time, the violation in functional and synthetic activity of cells may be related to changes in the weight indices of the bodies. In this regard, the study of MT levels in farm animals as influenced by lead is of interest. In the present work we studied experimentally the MT content, the cellularity and the weight index of the organs in sheep of the Romanov breed under lead intoxication. The experiment was conducted on 27 animals of 33.0±1.1 kg in weight at the age of 1-1.5 years. The sheep were divided into four groups. The group I (4 intact animals) served as a control. For 90 days the sheep in groups II (5 animals), III (9 animals) and IV (9 animals) had a daily diet with lead nitrate at 5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of feed, respectively, which corresponded to 1, 5 and 30 MPL (maximum permissible levels) of the metal in the feed. The diet consisted of 0.3 kg of concentrate and 2 kg mixed grass hay. Lead nitrate was administrated with feed once a day. Daily intake of metal (on average per animal) was 10 mg in group II, 50 mg in group III, and 300 mg in group IV, and the dose was 0.3, 1.5 and 9 mg/kg of animal weight, respectively. The study of biological indices was performed in the organs with different physiological functions (liver, kidneys, spleen), which vary in the intensity of metal accumulation and proliferation. The liver, kidneys and spleen were collected after slaughter before the beginning of the experiment (before priming) in one animal, then on days 30 and 60 of intoxication in one animal from group II, 3 animals from group III and 3 animals from group IV, and on day 90 in 3 animals from each group. It was found that constitutive MT levels differed, being higher in sheep liver and kidneys when compared to spleen, while the cell number was less. As a result of chronic intake of lead from diet, the content of MTs in the liver, the number of cells and the body weight index increased. The most pronounced changes were observed in the animals of group IV. In the kidneys there were non-linear changes in the MT level. Decrease in the MT content on day 30 of the intoxication as cell number in kidneys increased was indicative of inhibition of the cell synthetic activity, and an increase in body weight index at days 60 and 90 while the cell number reduced indicated the development of negative processes. In the spleen, the MT synthesis was inhibited, and non-linear changes in the cell number were observed. Comparison of the o...

A problem to be overcome under radioactive pollution of the territory is how to produce animal products, particularly milk and meat, of due sanitary and hygienic quality. It is well known that agrotechnologies and agromelioration are not enough for decreasing transition of 137 Cs from fodder to milk and meat more than 2.0-2.5 times. However, sorbents such as ferrocene-containing preparations Ferrocene, Biphezh, boluses and briquettes of lickstones can be used. Officinal ferrocene and ferrocene-2 are successfully being applied in livestock on the territories polluted with radionuclides. A substantiation of the optimal doses of fine ferrocene fed to animals necessitates the examination of possible toxicity of the preparation as far as it can sorb essential nutrients and metabolites when entering the gastrointestinal tract. The influence of hexacyanoferrate (II) potassiumferric (III), the fine blue odorless water-, alcohol-and ether-insolube powder with a particle diameter of 0.002 mm, was investigated on 3 month aged Wistar line rats of 250±20 g weigh. A daily intake of the preparation with feed was 11.6, 23.2 and 32.4 mg/kg during 30 days of the experiment. We studied the hemoglobin, erythrocytes and leukocytes levels, morphological variants of leukocytes, content of SH-groups, blood serum proteins and their fractions, malonic dialdehyde level, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in the peripheral blood, the DNA synthesis and reparation, metallotionein content in spleen lymphocytes, cellularity and weight of liver, kidney and spleen. Also appetite and reactivity of animals were examined. It was shown that the optimal daily dose of preparation is 11.6 mg/kg. With the increase of the hexacyanoferrate (II) potassium-ferric (III) daily level up to 23.2 and 32.4 mg/kg the negative reactions were observed along with the development of defense and compensatory processes. Thus, in plasma of peripheral blood the increase of total protein content due to -, -and -globulin levels was shown with the simultaneous decrease in albumin level. In spleen lymphocytes the cells amount reduction in the organ, activation of the DNA synthesis and reparation processes were registered compared to control. The differences in clinical haematological and physilogical indices between experimental and control groups were not discovered. It is supposed, that the revealed changes can be due not only to essential elements deficiency caused by their sorption in a gastrointestinal tract, but also by the intake of ferrum.

An overview of the possibilities of radiation technologies using in the fishing industry is presented. The modes and conditions of radiation treatment for various types of fish and fish products that provide microbiological safety, inactivation of parasites, increasing the shelf life and preserving quality indicators are specified. The toxicological, mutagenic and carcinogenic safety of radiation-treated products is emphasized. An idea of the economic efficiency, practical use, and regulatory regulation of radiation technologies in the world and the Russian Federation is given. The article outlines the successes and problems of introducing promising technology in the fishing industry in the territory of the EAEU.