Social tension of recent years has caused a significant load on the human nervous system. Therefore, mental and psychophysiological monitoring becomes rather an urgent problem. One of the methods of such monitoring is psychophysiological examinations of normal and pathological activity, of the central nervous system (CNS). Such examination allows CNS characteristics to be assessed at the level of the entire behavioral pattern, rather than individual behavioral events.During the 60-year history of VNIIMP, instrumental methods and devices for monitoring human CNS functions have been developing for more than 30 years. Psychophysiological devices and methods were developed in VNIIMP by academicians P. I~ Anokhin and A. I. Berg [1, 2, 16], the contribution of the Anokhin's school being especially significant. Anokhin's theory of functional systems can be used as a conceptual basis for methods and devices for psychophysiological examinations. According to P. K. Anokhin himself, the theory of functional systems bridges a gap between physiology and psychology. Anokhin's followers also significantly contributed to the solution of this problem [11][12][13][14][15]. The theoretical findings are implemented in new devices and methods for monitoring functions of higher nervous activity (HNA).Since 1966 a number of pioneering works have been performed in VNIIMP for computer-assisted monitoring of human behavior and elucidation of its mechanisms. A number of devices have been developed on the principles of systemic organization of physiological functions: Adaptron, Emoskop, Otbor, PFK-01, Ritmotest, Mnemotest, Binatest, Psikhomat, Ataksitest, Stabilotest, etc. [6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 16]. These devices were industrially produced in collaboration with the former COMECON countries.It should be noted that in addition to VNIIMP, a number of other medical organizations and leading specialists also significantly contributed to the development of psychophysiological monitoring and psychoengineering, new methods of biomedical engineering [3, 4, 7, 8].Psychophysiological devices and systems are presently extensively used as broad-purpose universal instruments for monitoring human HNA in outpatient and inpatient settings, dispensaries, diagnostic centers, etc. They are used in narcology, toxicology, pedagogy, sports, vocational training, expertise, basic research, physiology, psychology, etc.A new generation of universal and specialized devices for psychophysiological research is presently in progress in leading organizations of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. These devices implement the following principles: -Anok.hin's theory of functional systems can be used as a conceptual basis of a model for spatial and temporal prognosis, standardization of methods and devices for psychophysiological examinations. The implementation of the model allows such important CNS parameters as attention, memory, lability, etc. to be monitored; -the experience accumulated in VNIIMP in the developmen...

No abstract

Presentation of a biomedical signal (in particular, cardiological signal) in tabulated form in PC memory is the first and often most important stage of its automatic analysis. The simplest form of such presentation is sampiing of a signal at a constant step. There are also more sophisticated methods of sampling. The goal of such sampling is to compress the data so that all important information is retained in a minimum volume of information.Methods of transformation of ECG developed in 1959 independently by Pipberger and Kaseres have received wide acceptance. These methods are based on automatic determination of coordinates of separate ECG waves and measurement of their amplitude and time parameters. This approach, which has now become classical, has gained such wide acceptance because it imitates the methods used by skilled physicians. During the evolution of this approach, the method of transformation of an ECG into a cardiointervalogram was developed. A eardiointervalogram is a time series made up of durations of successive cardiocyctes. Studies of cardiac rhythm later became an independent branch of medical science.The two fundamental approaches on which the first stage of automatic analysis of cardiological information is based were developed and tested for the purpose of ECG processing. This was mainly due to specific properties of ECG signal which make it the most feasible of all physiological signals for automatic analysis. Also, ECG provides very valuable diagnostic information.The goal of this work was to describe an algorithm of partial or complete morphological analysis of car- 27 formation (LST) to be performed. It allows diagnostically valuable elements of cardiosignaI within a narrow frequency band to be selected and noise to be eliminated. The problem of morphological analysis can be reduced to determination of coordinates of local extremums of the transformed curve. The algorithm should determine the coordinates over the entire frequency range.Consider differences of order i of the following type:where {X,} is the series of discrete values of the signal; {Y,} is the series of values of differences of order i; V is the differential operator with a shift back; K, is the shift (decimation) coefficient; i is the order of the difference. Equation (2) is expanded as follows:-i

No abstract