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There are presently 437 power units with a total output power of -344 GW operating in more than 30 countries. In Russia 29 power units having a total power of 21.242 GW are operating in nine nuclear power stations. These produce about 13% of all the electrical energy generated. In the majority of developed countries, and also in some developing countries, more than 100 research reactors are in operation. In Moscow alone there are nine such reactors. In the armaments of the major powers there are nuclear ships and naval submarines with nuclear power units. In addition to the naval submarines there are civil marine vessels with nuclear power units (ice breakers, lighters, etc.). All the objects listed can be defined as reactor facilities.The life cycle of any reactor facility consists of three stages: design and construction, operation, decommissioning. After the expiry of the projected service life a reactor facility must be rendered into a state of nuclear safety and decommissioned. Operations can also be terminated for other reasons: economic, operational, technological, or as the result of a major accident. A temporary alternative can take the form of the necessary set of measures whose aim is to prolong the service life of 1063-4258/98/8504-0706520.00 9

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