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The authors present the results of a morphological study of the biological samples from patients treated with the inferior esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, which included immunohistochemical examination of neuronal changes in the esophageal wall, predominantly in the anomalous segment, with the need surgical involvement. The results obtained in the control group shows that the period of 36-37 weeks of gestation there is persisting glial cell component. The attested features are characteristic for the morpho-functional transition period from prematurity to maturity, being a specific neuronal cytology of the norm in the course of maturation of the child. Congenital morphopathological modifications of intramural ganglio-neural structures determined in both esophageal segments in cases of esophageal atresia with inferior tracheoesophageal fistula, concomitant with fibromuscular dysplasia, may be considered as factors with significant impact on esophageal motility regulation in children with esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, and explains within certain limits their role in esophageal dismotility found postoperatively in this group of children.

In the present paper, we refer to a method of primary closure of congenital defects of the anterior abdominal wall with tensionless viscero-abdominal disproportion. The study group included 10 animals subjected to surgery of the abdominal wall defect closure with bovine pericardium graft preserved in 0.5% formaldehyde, and 5 rabbits of the same breed and weight, in which bovine fascia graft was used as implant, being preserved in 0.5% formaldehyde. The abdominal anterior wall defect was made surgically by excision of the musculo-fascial structures and peritoneum. Bovine pericardium graft and bovine fascia graft were placed and fixed posteriorly to rectus abdominals muscles, having direct contact with the intra-abdominal contents and protected by suturing skin and subcutaneous layer. The purpose of the study was to perform a comparative postoperative evaluation of local macroscopic and microscopic changes that develop after reconstruction of the major abdominal wall defects experimentally induced in rabbits, using bovine pericardium and bovine fascia grafts preserved in 0.5% formaldehyde. In cases of major fascial defects of the anterior abdominal wall, bovine pericardium graft has acceptable strength and biocompatibility, having stabilizing properties of the abdominal wall due to the development of the connective tissue layer located between the implant and