Humphreys, D. G., Townley-Smith, T. F., Lukow, O. M., McCallum, B. D., Fetch, T. G., Gilbert, J. A., Menzies, J. G., Tkachuk, V., Brown, P. D. and Fox, S. L. 2014. Peace hard red spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1297–1302. Peace is a hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adapted to the shorter-season wheat-growing regions of the Canadian prairies. Peace was evaluated in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative Test in 1999, 2000 and 2001. Peace exhibited grain yield similar to the check cultivars over 2 yr (1999–2000; Neepawa and Roblin) and over 3 yr (1999–2001; AC Barrie and AC Splendor) Peace matured a day earlier than AC Barrie but was 2 d later than AC Splendor over 3 yr of testing (1999–2001) and was a day later than Neepawa and Roblin over 2 yr of testing (1999–2000). Peace had test weight similar to the check cultivars. Peace was moderately resistant to leaf rust and loose smut and resistant to stem rust including the highly virulent Ug99 race of stem rust and common bunt. Peace was moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight. Peace meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat class.

The intensification of dairy cattle selection determines the need of the systematic evaluation of animals in herds and populations on the main economically useful traits. They have an integrated origin and are controlled by significant groups of factors (genetic, physiological, technological and environmental). In dairy herds, the influence of such genetic factors as belonging to the breed and intrabreed types, the conditional blood share of improving breeds, the linear belonging, the family belonging, the origin by father is realized in the phenotypic performance of economically useful traits of animals with the simultaneous significant influence of environmental conditions. Among the hereditary factors, that determine the level of intergroup differentiation by the main selected traits, are significant the origin by father and the linear belonging. In addition, the world gene pool of the Holstein breed has an impact on the heredity of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, which requires constant monitoring of breeding groups of animals in different herds. Based on this, the aim of our research was to study the genetic conditionality of the economically useful traits of the cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, that is, the study of the influence of such genetic factors as the conditional blood share of Holstein breed, the origin by father and the linear belonging on these traits. The research was conducted in the herd of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed of the private agrarian firm «Yerchyky» Popilnia district Zhytomyr oblast during 2015–2019. The study was carried out on the materials of the breeding and productive use of 766 first-calf cows and 497 cows which were disposed from the herd on different reasons. The reasons for their disposal were determined according to veterinary disposal acts. The statistical data processing was done using the method of variational statistics. The power of influence of the conditional blood share of Holstein breed, origin by father and linear belonging on the phenotypic variability of economically useful traits of the cows was determined by One-Way-ANOVA. The results of the study of the influence of genetic factors on the economically useful traits of cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed are presented. It was found that the power of the influence of the conditional blood share of Holstein breed, origin by father and linear belonging on the phenotypic variability of live weight, measurements and indices of body constitution was 0.4–17.6%; indicators of milk productivity of cows – 0.3–20.8%; morphologo-functional characteristics of the udder – 0.5–21.9%; parameters of reproductive capacity – 2.3–9.3% and lifetime use – 0.1–12.6% (P < 0.05–0.001). The factors of the origin by father and the conditional blood share of Holstein breed had a more significant effect on mass-and-metric parameters and indices of body constitution, and the influence of the linear belonging on these indicators was the smallest. Among the studied genetic factors the origin by father had significant effect on the milk productivity and morphologo-functional characteristics of the udder, while the smallest influence of the linear belonging was on the indicators of milk productivity, and the conditional blood share of Holstein breed had the smallest effect on the characteristics of the udder. Regarding the indicators of reproduction and lifetime use of cows, the effect of the studied genetic factors on them was distributed without any trends. The prospect of further research is to study the influence of paratypic factors on economically useful traits of cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed of the private agrarian firm «Yerchyky».

The article proposes modes of sterilization of meat pate from turkey meat, which was determined by the method in which the actual lethality Ff relative to the microflora should be equal to or exceed the required lethality of the sterilization process Fn (Ff ≥ Fn) canned turkey pate. The results of the study of the dependence of the kinetics of biochemical reactions on the thermal, chemical and mechanical sensitivity of the processed product, on pressure, temperature  and chemical potential are presented. One of the effective ways to intensify the heat transfer process is the contact heating of the product by means of steam supply, which has a technological effect on the processed products. When comparing the results of the simulated results with experimental data, it is established that the solution of the problem of calculating the temperature field of the product on a computer gives quite satisfactory results between the calculated and experimental data. It is established that as a modification for the processed products it is necessary to solve thermohydromechanical equations with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions in addition to the transfer equation for each scalar quantity.

Анотація. У роботі представлені результати досліджень зміни вмісту гумусу за різних систем обробітку ґрунту і удобрення дерново-підзолистого піщаного суглинку протягом 4-х ротацій зерно-просапної сівозміни та встановлено обсяги емісійних втрат СО 2. Встановлено, що системи удобрення мали більший вплив на вміст гумусу, порівняно із системами обробітку ґрунту. За 36-річний період досліджень втрати гумусу на фоні без добрив за оранки щорічно становили 0,13 т/га, тоді як за безполицевого обробітку-0,11 т/га. За внесення на 1 га сівозмінної площі 7,8 т гною і N 57 Р 63 К 70 кг д. р. мінеральних добрив та систематичному обробітку з обертанням скиби накопичується 0,11 т/га гумусу щорічно, тоді як за поверхнево-безполицевого способу обробітку-0,31 т/га. Встановлено, що в зоні Полісся у дерново-підзолистому супіщаному ґрунті в сівозміні з одним полем багаторічних бобових трав без унесення добрив підтримувати бездефіцитний баланс гумусу лише за рахунок зменшення навантаження під час основного обробітку, неможливо. Виявлено, що за систематичного впродовж чотирьох ротацій сівозміни внесення добрив за органо-мінеральної системи удобрення зумовило підвищення врожайності зернових культур у середньому від 36 до 62,%, тритикале ярого у 2,5 рази. На фоні системи удобрення з елементами біологізації (3,9 тонн гною + N 8 + 1,2 тонни соломи + 3,3 тонни сидерату на 1 га сівозмінної площі), навпаки, урожайність культур сівозміни знижувалась в основному на 8-46%. Отже, вища врожайність за органо-мінеральної системи удобрення, порівняно з контролем, зумовила більшу кількість органічної сировини, яка надходила у ґрунт для нагромадження органічної речовини та секвестрації вуглецю, що зумовило краще гумусоутворення та секвестрацію органічного вуглецю.

The aim of the research was to study the ornithine cycle as the process of fixing ammonia and the formation of urea in the body of highly productive animals. In our experiments, we used a protein-deficient diet and urea as a nitrogen substitute for nitrogen-containing materials in the diet to reveal the mechanism of action of urea on animals, in particular on the biochemical processes of the ornithine cycle. There are some differences between Bukovinian sheep of the Askanian meat-wool breed and outbreds in terms of the ability to build muscle tissue. Our study reveals that the slaughter yield and the average daily gain consumption of Bukovinian-type meat of the Askanian meat-wool breed were higher in summer and in autumn, compare with purebred sheep. Sheep of the Bukovynian type of Askanian meat-wool breed have the intensity of enzymatic formation of urea in liver homogenates that is much higher in all experiments than in outbred sheep. A sharp drop in the activity of all stages of urea formation and glutamic acid synthesis in liver homogenates and significantly weakened urea formation was found in all experiments of the fourth series in comparison with the experiments in the third series. Increased muscle growth, high nitrogen deposition, and a much lower percentage of urinary excretion of ammonia and urea nitrogen, as well as higher activity of enzymes of the ornithine cycle and glutamic acid synthesis in the Bukovinian sheep type of Askanian meat-wool breed compared to outbreeds allow concluding that ammonia and urea in highly productive animals act less as finishing products of nitrogen metabolism than in low-productive animals.