The article presents the results of studying the effect of siderophores and iron on the isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from pathological material. It has been established that the simultaneous presence of iron and siderophore from M. phlei in the nutrient medium makes it possible to detect the growth of M. bovis from pathological material 6–8 days earlier; ensures the growth of more colonies and bacterial mass. The presence of heterologous to mycobacteria siderophore (from Nocardia spp.) in the medium reduces the elective (growth) properties of the medium. Siderophores found in the culture filtrate or alcoholic extract of M. phlei can be valuable additives to culture media for the accelerated isolation of M. bovis from pathological material

The article presents the results of cattle examining in four free from tuberculosis livestock farms during 2020–2021. Samples of biological material were collected and studied in the Laboratory for tuberculosis study of the NSC “IECVM”. The causes of allergic reactions to mycobacterial allergens were established by a comprehensive method. The study was aimed to conduct epizootological monitoring and to determine the causes of positive tuberculin skin tests in cattle in four free from tuberculosis farms. These farms were located in different regions of Ukraine. Epizootological, clinical, allergical, anatomopathological, bacteriological and biological methods were used including a pathological examination of biological material samples (lymph nodes and internal organs), Ziehl–Nielsen staining while bacterioscopy. Samples of biological material were preliminary treated by A. P. Alikaeva’s method and 0.9% solution of cetylpyridinium chloride and inoculated on selective nutrient media for mycobacteria cultivation. As the result of conducted study seven cultures of nontuberculous mycobacteria were isolated from samples of biological material from three cattle herds. It was found that these isolates were represented by four mycobacterial species. There were M. fortuitum, M. phlei, M. smegmatis and M. scrofulaceum. In addition, two cultures of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were isolated from one cattle herd. Short-term sensitization to tuberculin for mammals in cattle was caused by atypical mycobacteria in three farms. There were four mycobacteria species; M. smegmatis, M. phlei, M. fortuitum and M. scrofulaceum which persists in the body of animals and does not cause the development of an infectious tuberculosis process. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes the latent form of an infectious process in the body of cattle and sensitization to tuberculin, as well as pathological lesions in the small intestine. One-month-old rabbits susceptible to MAP can be used as an experimental model for determination of biological properties of epizootic cultures and diagnosis of paratuberculous enteritis. Herds of cattle in which sensitization is triggering by atypical mycobacteria should be considered as free from tuberculosis. Control of welfare and differentiation of nonspecific reactions to tuberculin should be carried out using a simultaneous test with PPD tuberculin for mammals and the allergen from atypical mycobacteria. The study of cattle with a suspicion of paratuberculous enteritis should be carried out by complex method using allergical, serological (CFT, ELISA), pathological, bacteriological and molecular-genetic research methods, as well as using a biological test on one month old rabbits

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The article presents the results of studies of cattle in five free from tuberculosis livestock farms during 2016–2020. Samples of biological material were collected and studied in the Laboratory for Tuberculosis Study of NSC “IECVM”. The causes of allergic reactions to mycobacterial allergens were established by a comprehensive method. The aim of the study was to conduct epizootological monitoring and to determine the causes of positive tuberculin skin test in cattle in five farms, which are free from tuberculosis. These farms are located in different regions of Ukraine. Epizootological, clinical, allergical, pathoanatomical, bacteriological and biological methods were used including a pathological examination of biological material samples (lymph nodes and internal organs), Ziehl-Nielsen staining of smears during bacterioscopy. Samples of biological material were preliminary treated with a 6.0% solution of sulfuric acid and inoculated on selective nutrient medium for mycobacteria cultivation. As a result of conducted study 15 cultures of nontuberculous mycobacteria were isolated from samples of biological material from cattle. It was found that these isolates were represented by five mycobacterial species from four husbandry farms. There were M. fortuitum, M. phlei, M. gordonae, M. smegmatis and M. scrofulaceum. In addition, two cultures of M. bovis were isolated from one herd. The causes of allergic reactions to mycobacterial allergens were established by a complex method using systematic simultaneous-allergic studies in cattle herds. In addition, appropriate measures were taken to prevent the spread of tuberculosis infection in one livestock farm. A control over the welfare of cattle herds where sensitization to tuberculin is caused by atypical mycobacteria should be carried out using a tuberculin (PPD) for mammals and an allergen from atypical mycobacteria. It is necessary to conduct preventive wet disinfection of places where animals are kept by using disinfectants that ensure the devitalization of mycobacteria in the environment

The paper presents results of the study of epizootic blood sera in the complement fixation test (CFT) with paratuberculous antigen. Blood sera were sampled from the cattle and goats. The antigen was produced from the culture filtrate of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in the laboratory for tuberculosis study. The aim of the present study was to clarify the epizootic situation concerning Johne’s disease among the dairy cattle in different regions of Ukraine. To achieve this aim the blood sera from cattle and goats were collected from farms in different regions of Ukraine. Those sera samples were studied in the complement fixation test with the use of paratuberculous antigen that was produced from the culture filtrate of MAP. The above mentioned blood sera were collected from the cattle that had positive allergic reactions on the use of tuberculin (PPD) for mammals. Those animals belonged to the free from tuberculosis and paratuberulosis milk farms. The study of obtained samples of blood sera was conducted in the accordance with the methodological guidelines “Laboratory diagnostics of paratuberculosis” (shutter. NMR FEFU pr. No. 1, dated December 19, 2014). There were studied 1098 blood sera samples from cattle. In addition to this, investigation was conducted on 24 samples of blood sera from goats. As the result of conducted study it was found that 17 samples of blood sera contained specific antibodies against MAP (serum solution 1:10). These blood sera collected from the cattle belonging to 4 farms in Poltava, Donetsk and Khmelnitsky regions. Along with this it was obtained 9 uncertain results in compliment fixation test that was conducted between paratuberculous antigen (ACF) and blood sera from those 4 farms. The results of monitoring studies indicate that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis pathogen circulates in studied farms. This can lead to the complication of the epizootic situation regarding paratuberculosis and contribute to the spreading of this pathogen to other free from MAP infection farms. There are no anti-paratuberculosis antibodies in blood serum from goats. It is necessary to conduct annual monitoring serological studies of productive dairy cattle and imported animals in order to clarify and control epizootic situation concerning paratuberculosis on the territory of Ukraine