Natural biopolymers demonstrate significant bone and connective tissue-engineering application efficiency. However, the quality of the biopolymer directly depends on microstructure and biochemical properties. This study aims to investigate the biocompatibility and microstructural properties of demineralized human spongiosa Lyoplast® (Samara, Russian Federation). The graft’s microstructural and biochemical properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-computed tomography, Raman spectroscopy, and proteomic analysis. Furthermore, the cell adhesion property of the graft was evaluated using cell cultures and fluorescence microscopy. Microstructural analysis revealed the hierarchical porous structure of the graft with complete removal of the cellular debris and bone marrow components. Moreover, the proteomic analysis confirmed the preservation of collagen and extracellular proteins, stimulating and inhibiting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. We revealed the adhesion of chondroblast cell cultures in vitro without any evidence of cytotoxicity. According to the study results, demineralized human spongiosa Lyoplast® can be effectively used as the bioactive scaffold for articular hyaline cartilage tissue engineering.

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Excessive postoperative scarring halts the effectiveness of glaucoma surgery and still remains a challenging problem. The purpose of this study was to develop a PLA-PEG-based drug delivery system with cyclosporine A or everolimus for wound healing modulation. Methods: PLA-PEG implants saturation with cyclosporine A or everolimus as well as their further in vitro release were analyzed. Anti-proliferative activity and cytotoxicity of the immunosuppressants were studied in vitro using human Tenon’s fibroblasts. Thirty-six rabbits underwent glaucoma filtration surgery with the application of sham implants or samples saturated with cyclosporine A or everolimus. The follow-up period was six months. A morphological study of the surgery area was also performed at seven days, one, and six months post-op. Results: PLA-PEG implants revealed a satisfactory ability to cumulate either cyclosporine A or everolimus. The most continuous period of cyclosporine A and everolimus desorption was 7 and 13 days, respectively. Immunosuppressants demonstrated marked anti-proliferative effect regarding human Tenon’s fibroblasts without signs of cytotoxicity at concentrations provided by the implants. Application of PLA-PEG implants saturated with immunosuppressants improved in vivo glaucoma surgery outcomes. Conclusions: Prolonged delivery of either cyclosporine A or everolimus by means of PLA-PEG implants represents a promising strategy of wound healing modulation in glaucoma filtration surgery.

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