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Modern economy constantly faces new challenges of evolution. The most acute economic transformations are reflected in socially significant sectors of economy, where human participates most not only in obtaining results of activities, but also in the reproduction of resources for future development. The agro-industrial complex and the agricultural sector of economy as a whole belong to one of these formations. The agrarian sector of rural economy as a part of global economic system is inevitably transforming in the context of the transition to a postindustrial paradigm of economic development, where the main components are information, intellectual, intellectual and innovative capital. Moreover, the problem of the search of reserves for its effective functioning, the problem of the formation of human capital with new qualitative properties and characteristics, as well as the issues of its optimal use aimed to reveal the internal potential of the rural economy are extremely acute. The purpose of this study is to formulate the concept of maintenance, replenishment and consolidation of human capital within the boundaries of rural areas of the agrarian type. In this case, key characteristics of human capital, such as knowledge, skills, human abilities, including unique traits and creativity and motivational attitudes to its initiation, acquire particular importance. In this regard, the authors propose a mechanism for the replenishment of human capital in the agricultural sector of economy, based on the targeted impact on the key qualities of human capital, depending on the stage of its formation and use.