No abstract

Для расчетного анализа сложных ферменных конструкций часто используется метод конечных элементов (МКЭ) [5, 6, 7]. В соответствии с принципом МКЭ, удобно приводить нагрузку к конечному элементу в виде узловых сил. В связи с этим

This article presents the analysis of trends of development of modern automobiles which shows that the most promising direction in solving energy and environmental problems in transport is the use of combined power units.

The amplitude dependence of ultrasound absorption due to dislocations, α, has been studied for single crystals of pure lead and indium as well as for lead doped with Tl, Sn or Bi, both in the superconducting and normal state and for a wide range of ultrasound amplitudes, ε0. Pure and Tl‐doped superconducting lead at large ε0 displayed a maximum on the α(ε0) dependence which became a plateau upon transition to the n‐state. This is direct evidence for a change from static to dynamic dislocation hysteresis as a result of the increase in the electron drag constant. Limit values for the dislocation loop lengths have been estimated, viz. 2.4 × 10−4 cm < LN < 10.4 × 10−4 cm. In other single crystals the dynamic hysteresis occurred both in the n‐ and s‐state. In all the single crystals, α increased with the increase of ε0 above the maximum amplitude and onset of the plateau which was observed in both states. The effect is associated with non‐linear phenomena arising at significant loop flexures. The amplitude dependence of the losses due to this effect has been analysed, the results of the analysis being in good agreement with the experimental data.

The article describes an estimated model of a vehicle powerplant. This model takes into account the fluctuations of the power unit along and around the three axes and considers the impact of the transmission to the whole picture of the oscillations of the power unit. The mathematical description of the computational model of the power unit is presented on the example of a small class car.