Sires breeding value determination was based on classification daughters at the age of first lactation, studies related to the breeding and genetic aspects of line scoring were limited to animals array scoring at the same age. Considering indisputable importance of linear estimation, existing correlative variability between individual descriptive and complex traits growth with dairy productivity and age-related variability in body parts of conformation development, a study was carried out of evaluation influence level of traits linear classification at the age of first lactation on cow milk productivity of subsequent second and third lactations. While maintaining a positive correlation in further use of cows, reliability of linear estimation by type was confirmed. Studies conducted on the livestock of Ukrainian Black-and- Red-and-White dairy breeds showed positive correlations between evaluation conformation traits and cow milk yield with variability in their direction, degree and reliability, depending on the recorded lactations. First of all, at the age of first lactation, positive correlation coefficients were determined between conformation traits and milk yield amount of cows, which were a significant confirmation of this breeding event use as one of components in the comprehensive determination of dairy cattle breeding value in the world. Next important element in the aspect of correlative variability conformation traits of linear estimation with productivity was the establishment of sufficiently high correlation coefficients between evaluation four complexes of linear traits by 100-score system with milk yield for first lactation within experimental dairy breeds. Positive relationship was, within group traits framework, by estimation of first lactation and milk yield of Ukrainian Black-and- Red-and-White dairy breeds for: dairy type (r=0.502 and 0.447), body (r=0.385 and 0.309), limbs (r=0.129 and 0.154), udder (r=0.404 and 0.383), respectively. Examining the question of whether existing relationship between assessment of group traits of conformation and milk yield amount of cows obtained at the age of first lactation, and between these traits and milk yield for subsequent lactations is preserved, it was found that within compared animals groups of both breeds, separate correlation coefficients received at the age of first lactation, repeated in the second with less force, but at sufficient reliability level. Correlation between indicators of linear estimation group traits of first-calf cows and milk yield for third lactation didn’t repeat level of similar relationships obtained at the age of first and second calving, although a certain pattern of their direction was followed with confirmation reliability of different level. Significant part of descriptive traits of the conformation was associated with milk yield amount for first lactation, as evidenced by reliable correlation coefficients. But they decrease with age, and by data of third lactation such relationship was almost absent. Descriptive traits of conformation, correlated with milk yield at the age of first lactation and repeating these relationships with yield at the second and third, belonged to the traits of dairy-type animals were reliable indicators of cow milking. They included: height, chest width, body depth, angularity, rear width, pelvic limb posture, fore udder attachment, rear udder attachment height and central ligament. Thus, reliable level of positive correlation established between estimation of group traits of linear classification at the age of first lactation and milk yield for the next second and third lactation testified about effectiveness of dairy cattle selection, evaluated by conformation type. Level of correlative variability a part of descriptive traits of the conformation with milk yield of first-calf cows will not be repeated in combination indicators of the same estimation with yield at the age of second and third lactations, which was explained by natural unevenness of age-related variability in body type parts development under genotypic and paratypic factors influence.

Researches were carried out on estimation cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy and Holstein breeds by the method of linear classification in the herd of pedigree farm LLC "Vladana" in Sumy region. When comparing cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy with Holstein, the improving influence sires of Holstein breed on the development of conformation of cows in the herd according to indicators of the linear assessment by 100-point system was found. The difference was based on the group traits of dairy type 1,1 score, legs – 1,3, udder – 1,6 and final score – 1,2. In all comparisons, the difference was highly reliable at P < 0.001. By descriptive traits improvement with a significant difference were observed in height (by 0,3 scores; P < 0,05), body depth (by 0,3 scores; P < 0,05), rump width (by 0,6 scores; P < 0,001), angle of pelvic limbs (by 0,4 scores, P < 0,001), foot angle (by 0,9 scores, P < 0,001), front udder attachment (by 0,4 scores, P < 0,001), central ligament (by 0,8 scores; P < 0,001), udder depth (by 0,9 scores; P < 0,001) and teats length (by 0,3 scores; P < 0.01). Animals of Holstein breed compared to Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy became more narrow-chested (by 0,7 scores; P < 0,001). The identified relationships between linear traits and value of milk yield of first-born cows in the controlled herd were determined the existence of a reliable correlation between estimation both for individual complexes of conformation traits and overall assessment by 100-point classification system (r = 0,198–0,464; P < 0,001). Positive and reliable correlation with milk yield was observed by a number of descriptive traits: height (r = 0,359), body depth (r = 0,384), angularity (r = 0,474), rump width (r = 0,311), posture of pelvic limbs (r = 0,361), foot angle (r = 0,273), front (r = 0,355) and rear udder attachment (r = 0,330), central ligament (r = 0,311), locomotion (r = 0,305). Body condition score was correlated negatively (r = -0,168). Thus, the determined correlations between linear traits of the conformation and milk yield for lactation have been indicated the reliability of selection of cows by conformation type, simultaneously improving milk production. The using sires of Holstein breed during absorbed crossing with Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed have been improved linear traits of the conformation type in their offspring. Positive relationship between group and main descriptive linear traits characterizing conformation, and value of milk yield would be facilitated by efficient indirect selection based on the type and productivity.

ГЕНЕТИЧНІ ЧИННИКИ ВПЛИВУ НА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ КОРІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇЧОРНО-РЯБОЇ МОЛОЧНОЇ ПОРОДИ В. В. ВЕЧОРКА, Л. М. ХМЕЛЬНИЧИЙ Сумський національний аграрний університет (Суми, Україна) kafedra_selekcii_btf@ukr.net Дослідженнями корів української чорно-рябої молочної породи двох провідних племінних стад центрального та північно-східного регіонів України встановлено істотний вплив генетичних чинників (належність до лінії та умовна кровність за поліпшувальною породою) на формування молочної продуктивності корів, зокрема за поглинального схрещування. Ключові слова: українська чорно-ряба молочна порода, лінія, умовна кровність, надій, вміст жиру в молоці GENETIC FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED. V. V. Vechorka, L. M. Khmelnychyi Sumskiy national agrarian university (Sumy, Ukraine) Studies of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breeds of two leading breeding herds of the central and northeastern regions of Ukraine have determined a significant influence of genetic factors (line affiliation and conditional blood on the improving breed) on the formation of milk production of cows, including the absorbing crossing. Keywords: Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, line, conditional blood, milk yield, fat content in milk ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ ВЛИЯНИЯ НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ КОРОВ УКРАИН-СКОЙ ЧЕРНО-ПЕСТРОЙ МОЛОЧНОЙ ПОРОДЫ В. В. Вечёрка, Л. М. Хмельничий Сумской национальный аграрный университет (Сумы, Украина)Исследованиями коров украинской черно-пестрой молочной породы двух ведущих племенных стад центрального и северо-восточного регионов Украины установлено существенное влияние генетических факторов (принадлежность к линии и условная кровность по улучшающей породе) на формирование молочной продуктивности коров, в том числе при поглотительном скрещивании. Ключевые слова: украинская черно-пестрая молочная порода, линия, условная кровность, удой, содержание жира в молоке Ефективність виробництва молока в умовах сучасних ферм та молочних комплексів визначають кількісні та якісні показники молочної продуктивності тварин. Саме тому у 80-ті роки минулого століття невідповідність місцевих порід цим вимогам спонукала селекціонерів України до використання методу відтворного схрещування їх з поліпшувальною голштинською породою, частка крові якої планувалась домінуючою (не менше 62,5-87,5%, а в активній частині популяції навіть більше [3].Мінливість ознак молочної продуктивності, як і будь-якої кількісної ознаки, залежить від породи, генеалогічних формувань, умовної кровності за поліпшувальною породою та деяких інших генетичних чинників [10,13]. У даний час на спадковість української чорно-рябої

In pedigree farm of Cherkasy region, in the modern highly mechanized technologies of milk production, research on studying influence of sires’ heredity on the duration of use and lifetime productivity of their daughters was conducted. The research materials were withdrawn livestock of daughters of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Holstein sires in the amount of 784 head. Duration of lactation, milk yield, content and yield of milk fat for the entire lactation were recorded for each lactation. The following indicators were studied: lifetime, duration of economic use, lifetime milk yield, lifetime milk fat yield, average lifetime fat content in milk, average milk yield per day, average milk yield for a day of economic use and the number of used lactations. On assessing lifetime, the best were daughters of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy sires with indicators 3589 and 3303 days. A reliable difference in their favor in comparison with the average for the herd was 1351 and 1065 days (P < 0.001). Comparison of progeny of native sires and Holstein sires also showed significant predominance in lifetime of daughters in their favor, which ranged from 373 to 1841 days (P < 0.001), and duration of productive use – from 438 to 1815 days (P < 0.001). Variability in the number of used lactations varied widely from 1.7 to 6.1 units. In the ranking on the ground of number of used lactations the first and second were sires of domestic breeding – Fajans (6.1lact.) and Avans (5.2 lact.). Most daughters of Holstein sires were used less than the average for the herd. Highly reliable negative correlation between milk yield during the first lactation and the use duration indicators, the lack of correlation between the first lactation yield and lifetime yield obtained in our studies on experimental livestock of 784 head, gives grounds to assert that high milk yield during the first lactation leads to reduction in duration of use and does not always guarantee high figures of lifetime productivity. Milk yield for a day of economic use has a high positive correlation with yield in the first lactation (r = 0.438), lifetime milk yield (r = 0.325), lifetime milk fat yield (r = 0.283) and, especially, yield for a day of life (r = 0.701). With traits of lifetime, economic use duration and CEU, milk yield per day of life has slight negative correlation. Thus, according to figures of use duration and lifetime productivity for progeny of estimated sires of different origin, it is possible to make the generalization that improvement of Ukrainian dairy breeds should be based on the best genetic resources of sires of domestic breeding. When you use foreign breeding sires it is advisable to combine their breeding qualities with assessment of longevity. According to the research should make the following conclusions. The duration of use and lifetime productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows in the breeding herd are determined by of sires’ individual heredity. High level of milk yield during the first lactation in estimated sires’ progeny does not guarantee an increase in traits of economic use and lifetime productivity. Progeny of domestic breeding bulls was better by traits of productive longevity than purebred progeny of Holstein sires.

In the conditions of industrial complex the annual dynamics of microclimate parameters in the premises for growing piglets depending on their mass in the section for ventilation system of uniform pressure was studied. It was found that the microclimate parameters varied depending on the live weight of animals in the technological section throughout the year. In summer the room air temperature was above recommended norms and the relative humidity was within its limits. The average air velocity in the room was on the verge of minimum permissible norms for summer and was dependent on the location of the machine in the section and increased with increasing age of piglets. The carbon dioxide content was within the maximum allowable concentration until piglets reached 49 days of age, and in the older age groups exceeded the MPC by 0.02-0.06% / vol. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide content did not exceed the MPC and had a clear tendency to raise its concentration with increasing age of piglets. In winter and transitional seasons, the indoor air temperature complied with recommended standards. Inside air humidity of the room was at the upper limit for piglets of this technological group, and from the second half of growing season exceeded the recommended standards. The air velocity was within the normal range for relevant period and did not provide high-quality gas composition of the air. From the second to the seventh week, the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeded the MPC by 5-90% and increased with increasing piglet age. The concentration of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the room air at all ages of growing season was within the MPC, but in the second half of rearing period, approaching its upper limit. In all seasons, except in summer, the supply and exhaust ventilation of uniform pressure provided the optimum temperature regime in the premises of pigsty with growing of piglets and satisfactory air content of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and its humidity. The concentration of carbon dioxide in all periods of the year, except summer, was higher than maximum permissible concentration. Key words: microclimate, piglets, growing, season, ventilation.