In recent years, small animals veterinary medicine in Ukraine has undergone significant development and change. The increase of issue of breeding, obtain healthy offspring leads to magnificatition disorders of reproduction function in dogs. Therefore, the development of modern methods for diagnosis of reproductive system diseases and correction of reproductive function in dogs is important. Infertility is a temporary or prolonged loss of reproductive capacity by the female dogs as a result of various factors inborn or acquired in the process of life. Disorders of reproduction function caused by different etiologic factors. The main reasons can be conventionally divided into problems associated with dogs, infertility in females (disorders of estrous cycle) and infertility with physiological estrous cycle. The infertility includes disorders that are characterized by absence of estrous and prolonged proestrous / estrus and decreasing period between estrous. Other causes disorders of reproduction function are: incorrect insemination, stress, disease of uterus, disease of ovaries, infectional disease (Brucella canis, Herpes virus canis, other infectional disease), idiopathic infertility. Gynecological examination in female dogs aimed to identifying the causes of infertility should be carried out according to the established scheme, which includes the collection of anamnesis, examination, and laboratory studies. The main methods of research to determine the causes of infertility are: vaginal secretions, vaginoscopy, vaginal cytology, microbiological studies, radiography, hysteroscopy, hysterography, ultrasound examination of the uterus determination of the concentration of sex hormones in the blood.

The article provides an overview of professional literature on reproductive studies of cats, the definition of the main factors influencing the development of infertility in cats: hormonal changes, lack of sufficient stimulus during pairing, leading to ovulation, inability to fuse, ovarian cyst, chronic inflammatory processes in reproductive organs systems, infections, some parasites or the simplest, hereditary problems, including chromosomal abnormalities (genetic or congenital defects such as pseudoharmophioditis, true hermaphroditism, mosaicism, infantilism, freemantry) described congenital aplasia of the ovaries, trauma affecting the reproductive organs. The conditions of detention that considerably affect the reproductive system are considered. It has been established that insufficient stimulation is one of the most common causes of infertility, which is relevant for cats because they are characterized by induced ovulation. Most animals with an abnormal set of sex chromosomes are infertile, treatment methods have not been developed. Inadequate feeding is perhaps the most important cause of infertility in cats. The connection between lack and (or) excess in the diet of Calcium, Phosphorus, Iodine, Cobalt, Cuprum, Manganese, other macro-and micro elements, and inability to reproduce is established. The role of microorganisms in the emergence of infertility of cats of infectious diseases (leukemia, infectious peritonitis, panleukopenia, chlamydia, toxoplasmosis) is considered. Extension of the intraperitoneal period arises from the stage of the anestrus. Such clinical picture is observed in cats older than 8 years with hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism, obesity and cachexia, the appointment of drugs with antinuclear activity. Among gynecological diseases in cats, the most common diseases are pyometra, endometritis and vaginitis. It has been established that the most frequently diagnosed diseases of the uterus of female dogs and cats are cystular hyperplasia of the endometrium in combination with the pythometer, data on the etiopathogenesis of these diseases is given. The scientific data on the application of ultrasound diagnostics, hormonal level studies, vaginal cytology, the use of hysterosalpingography, x-ray for more accurate diagnostics of causes of infertility of cats are given.

Diagnosis of the estrous cycle in female dogs is important in veterinary medicine. The estrous cycle is divided into the following stages: proestrus, estrus, diestrus, metestrus, and anestrus, which due to the action of hormones, replace one after another. This feature of the estrous cycle leads to some difficulties with reproduction. It is hard to obtain newborns because of prolonged anestrus. Vaginal cytology is a simple and available diagnostic method of the estrous cycle. It is based on the analysis of vaginal mucosa epithelial cells changes. This method is used to determine the time of mating and diagnose pathological conditions in the reproductive system of female dogs. There are various drugs in veterinary medicine for the correction of the estrous cycle in female dogs. We used implant Suprelorin® to estrus induction. There were described methods of estrus stimulation using a subcutaneous implant Suprelorin (4.7 mg, deslorelin) and changes in vaginal epithelial cells using the vaginal cytology method. The study was performed on twelve (n = 12) adult female dogs in the anestrus stage. Implants were injected subcutaneously in the groin area and removed at the beginning of the estrus.

Diseases of the transit period in cows and their culling after calving attract considerable attention. Therefore, early diagnosis and prediction of pathological processes during the transition period in cows using biochemical markers stays relevant. The purpose of this study was to find the relationship of globulin levels in the late interlactation period with biochemical parameters and the level of fertilisation and culling of cows within 90 days after calving. The blood serum of cows of the main herd was investigated 10-15 days before calving, based on which the animals were conditionally divided into three groups (with signs of hypogammaglobulinemia (less than 30 g/l)), as well as with normal and elevated (more than 40 g/l) globulin levels. Apart from indicators of protein-nitrogen metabolism, enzymatic activity was also found in the blood serum and the state of carbohydratelipid, mineral, and vitamin metabolism was assessed using biochemical, chromatographic, and spectrophotometric research methods. It was found that cows with hypoglobulinemia showed substantially lower activity of asparagine transaminase, as well as differences in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism (high glucose levels and reduced concentration of high-density lipoproteins). Furthermore, these cows were found to have a decrease in the content of magnesium, as well as copper. It was discovered that within 90 days after calving, the highest level of culling was observed among cows with reduced globulin levels, and the lowest – in animals with normoglobulinemia. Therefore, a direct relationship between the level of globulins in the blood serum 10-15 days before calving with the reproductive capacity and the level of culling of cows was proved. This allows promptly diagnosing and predicting the development of post-partum pathology and reproductive disorders. The results obtained can be used by practical specialists and scientists to plan and investigate the effectiveness of preventive measures to improve the safety of cows and their reproductive capacity in the post-calving period

Acute phase proteins are blood components synthesized by hepatocytes, basic function of which is to defend the organism as part of the immune response to inflammation, trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia. They trigger a complex systemic reaction in order to restore homeostasis recovery of the organism. Proinflammatory cytokines increase their activity in response to the effect of pathogenic microorganisms which are intense stimulants to the production of acute phase proteins. It is known that postpartum uterine contamination is common among many cows. Normally, infections and inflammations are eliminated by the immune response of the uterus. However, about 40% of dairy cattle develop clinical metritis. The aim of this study was to determine changes of C-reactive protein and haptoglobin concentration in healthy cows and with subclinical endometritis. The study was conductedat NNVTS "Komarnivsʹkyy" Horodok district, Lviv region. Two groups of cows of Ukrainian blackand-white dairy breed, aged from 4 to 7 years old, were investigated. The control group included twenty (n = 20) clinically healthy cows. Experimental group included twenty (n = 20) cows with subclinical endometritis. It was found that in the blood serum of healthy cows C-reactive protein concentration was 11,25±1,07 µg/ml. Significant increase (P˂0,001) of C-reactive protein concentration in cows with subclinical endometritis (72,57±18,11 µg/ml) was observed. In the blood serum of healthy cows haptoglobin concentration was 22,5±5,50 mg/l. Significant increase (P ˂0,001) of C-reactive protein concentration in cows with subclinical endometritis (72,57±18,11 µg/ml) was observed. In the blood serum of healthy cows haptoglobin concentration was 22,5±5,50 mg/l. Significant increase (P ˂0,001) of C-reactive protein concentration in cows with subclinical endometritis (72,57±18,11 µg/ml) was observed. In the blood serum of healthy cows haptoglobin concentration was 22,5±5,50 mg/l. Significant increase (P <0,001) of haptoglobin concentration in cows with subclinical endometritis (771,5±122,66 mg/l) was observed. The presented study shows that in cows with subclinical endometritis, increase of C-reactive protein and haptoglobin was observed. Determination of concentration of these proteins can be an informative indicator of subclinical inflammatory process in the uterus of cows. In future research it is important to determine change of IL and TNF-a expression depending on the condition of the uterus. Key words: acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, subclinical endometritis, dairy cattle, uterus.