An analysis of the productions and rules in the way they are used in artificial intelligence systems is presented. The proposed new definition for productions refers to a large number of types of productions which may be found in the literature on AI systems. This definition emphasizes in the most general way those production components which are important both for theory and for practice and which for some reasons remained unnoticed by many researchers. These components are implemented in a theoretical formalism which concludes the paper.

Introduces the notion of a dynamic expert system. Shows that by restarting a static expert system periodically it is possible to cope with dynamic environments. This quasi‐static approach to dynamics is suitable if the environment is changing slowly enough in comparison with the inference engine operation and the user reaction time. Implementation of this scheme in “pure” shell meets no difficulties. However, in practice some problems may occur due to the side‐effects in rules and attached procedures. These problems and their relation to classical AI issues are considered in detail. The system was applied to the task of seismology forecast, which contains dynamical factors of both a precise and a heuristic nature. The resulting dynamic expert system never stops, occasionally interrogating the user if it suspects that some of the previously entered data are obsolete. In this sense the computer system behaves as a “live creature”.

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Dmitrii Pospelov, who recently celebrated his 70 year anniversary. is a mathematician with a widely open scientijic horizon. Thepurpose of this plenary lecture is to give a survey ofsome results ofD.Pospelov in the area of Applied Semiofics and to show thaf his real infenfion was to elicit the meaning underlying various phenomena which he studied fertilized both sides involved. Indeed, it produced new approaches in technical fields based on his idea of semiotic systems. It was important for Semiotics due to introduction of dynamics to previously static theory of signs (see works by G. Frege).D.Pospelov published a substantial amount of books in this area and personally participated in a number of applied projects conceming control of processes in a sea port, transportation and traffic problems, aviation control, and many more. In these projects the most problematical was how to let computers extract meaning for all the essential entities involved. This problem being very simple for an intelligent human stiU represents the core of the most advanced studies in Artificial Intelligence. It is for this purpose D.Pospelov developed Situational Control.

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