No abstract

The general legal characteristics of war crimes allow to comprehensively study the indicated acts, to understand their essence, which in turn should facilitate and improve the quality of criminal qualification of criminal offenses against performing the established procedure of active service. The need to form general legal characteristics of war crimes is due to the fact that the sphere of public relations related to active service is intersectoral, since it is simultaneously regulated by the norms of various branches of law. The authors have found out the main features of war crimes and have carried out their characteristics by determining the specific features of their regulation both by criminal and other branches of law. The authors have provided an analytical basis for this in order to evaluate the provisions of regulatory legal acts regulating the procedure of active service and determine the main features of war crimes. The findings of the research was that war crimes infringe the statutory order of performing active service, and the subjects of such illegal acts are military personnel, persons liable to military duty and personnel with reserve obligations during the battle assembly. The general legal characteristics of war crimes is formed taking into account criminal and legal features of the specified criminal offenses and defines specific features of active service; the established procedure for performing active service; military personnel, persons liable to military duty and personnel with reserve obligations during the battle assembly as subjects of crime.

The object of the investigation consists of the disclosure of procedural legislation, through the implementation of effective mechanisms of legal incidence on procedural aspects, which constitute the framework for the protection of the violated environmental rights and interests of citizens or other subjects of environmental legal relationships. Main content. A certain innovation may be the introduction of the institution of group lawsuits (massive, collective)in Ukraine, which will simplify access to justice for citizens, it will increase its quality and, due to the reduction of theburden on the courts, will accelerate the consideration of cases, including those of an environmental nature. Methodology: The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge; Through the application of this method, the legal, functional, organizational and procedural aspects of the protection of environmental rights and interests in the courts were considered. conclusions. The article argues the need for new forms of protection of the rights and interests of a significant number of people; this is absolutely necessary in the context of the specificity of environmental disputes.

2 Конституція України від 28.06.1996 р. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80 (дата звернення 20.02.2023

The purpose of the article is to clarify the mechanisms of protection of economic entities from unfair competition in Ukraine. The subject of the study is measures to combat unfair competition. The research methodology includes the following methods of scientific knowledge: dialectical, logical, formal and logical, system and structural, method of analysis, legal forecasting method. Research results. The definition of unfair competition and its features provided in the works of domestic and foreign scientists are analyzed. The concepts of "economic competition" and "unfair competition" are considered, the manifestations of the latter are studied. Practical implementation. The mechanisms of protection of the rights of entrepreneurs are considered in detail with reference to the legal instruments, which regulate the order of their realization. Value / originality. The author’s definition of the concept of "economic competition" is formulated.