The aim of this paper is to investigate p53 gene expression in the central and peripheral zones of glioblastoma multiforme using a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique in patients who use cell phones ≥3 hours a day and determine its relationship to clinicopathological findings and overall survival. Sixty-three patients (38 males and 25 females), diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), underwent tumor resection between 2008 and 2011. Patient ages ranged from 25 to 88 years, with a mean age of 55. The levels of expression of p53 in the central and peripheral zone of the GBM were quantified by RT-PCR. Data on p53 gene expression from the central and peripheral zone, the related malignancy and the clinicopatholagical findings (age, gender, tumor location and size), as well as overall survival, were analyzed. Forty-one out of 63 patients (65%) with the highest level of cell phone use (≥3 hours/day) had higher mutant type p53 expression in the peripheral zone of the glioblastoma; the difference was statistically significant (P=0.034). Results from the present study on the use of mobile phones for ≥3 hours a day show a consistent pattern of increased risk for the mutant type of p53 gene expression in the peripheral zone of the glioblastoma, and that this increase was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival time. The risk was not higher for ipsilateral exposure. We found that the mutant type of p53 gene expression in the peripheral zone of the glioblastoma was increased in 65% of patients using cell phones ≥3 hours a day.

Since, artemisinin can shift the immune responses from Th1 to Th2, therefore, it can be helpful in the treatment of MS after more investigation.

Background: Breast cancer is considered the most common malignant disease in the female population. It is known as an emerging epidemy with a great burden on women's health, which can be associated with poor outcomes. Some factors including histological type, immunohistochemistry (IHC), tumor grade, and tumor size can have effects on breast cancer. Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the effects of mentioned factors on IHC type of breast cancer. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 142 patients, who were referred to one of the referral centers for breast cancer in Mashhad. Information including age, histological type, familial history, menopause status, tumor grade, tumor size, and IHC properties was collected from the patient’s medical records. Allred score was used for reporting hormonal status. The data were analyzed by version 26 of SPSS software. Results: The mean age of patient was 50.2 ± 12.7. The frequency of luminal A and luminal B type was calculated as 29.7 and 18.9%, respectively. In addition, triple-negative IHC type has a prevalence of 24.3% and HER2 had a prevalence of 27%. There were no significant differences between age (P = 0.34), familial history (P = 0.42), menopause (P = 0.36), histological type (invasive: P = 0.11, in situ: P = 0.45), and IHC properties. However, tumor diameter (P = 0.0001) and tumor grading (P = 0.002) had significant association with IHC properties. Conclusions: Factors including tumor size and pathological grade can have effects on the gene expression properties of breast cancers. Luminal IHC type A is more common in breast cancer and is associated with better outcomes. However, age, histological type, familial history, and menopause status had no effects on the IHC properties of breast cancer.

Alveolar hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, is a life-threatening infectious disease which primarily occurs in the liver. Intracranial hydatid disease is a rare presentation with reported incidence of ~1% of all cases. Here we reported a 60-year-old woman, with the past history of hydatid cysts in her liver, who was presented to us with progressive symptoms consist of headaches, diminished vision, cognitive disorders and delusion. She was disoriented in time, space and person. Bilateral mild papilledema and exaggerated reflexes were observed. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed two intra-axial multilucular cystic masses in the fronto-pareital and parieto-occipital regions. The patient underwent two operations and the lesions were removed without any rupture. Medical therapy with Albendazole was started. Neurological symptoms disappeared a few weeks after the surgeries. Although multiple alveolar hydatid cysts are extremely rare, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial cystic lesions.