The Sarfirouzabad survey project of 2009 in the Kermanshah Province of Iran was aimed at obtaining a reliable overview of the occurrence of archaeological sites across the area. Many sites in the area are under threat of economic development projects and erosion by changing land use practices. As the area plays an important role in the archaeology of Iran, a protection program essentially has to be developed. This study was mainly concerned with the Landscape Archaeology in general and reconstruction of Prehistoric archaeological settlement patterns in particular in Central Zagros. The primary aim of this project which combined a set of digital archaeological methods was to improve understanding of settlement system and land organization of prehistoric period and ultimately the human behavior behind this aspect of settlement system. Another main priority was to display graphically cultural resources of a functional or temporal class in relation to environmental features which provides cultural heritage manager with the necessary tools to locate and manage known cultural heritage and can enable them to protect archaeologically or culturally significant sites.

The research is dedicated to recognize most effective attributes and main factors in locating and distribution of Islamic settlements of Bostan Abad plain, East Azerbaijan. The data under study is composed of 226 sites containing archaeological remains of Islamic period, resulted from three seasons of archaeological surveys covering 279km 2 of the plain. The Geomatics is a culculatory, analytic approach for making predictive geographical models about the interaction of archaeological sites with their surrounding environment, aimed at explaining characteristic environmental factors and attributes contributing in decision making of settlement location and distribution along a geographical zone. As every geographic region is made of different ecological zones, it has been possible for human beings to make different transactions with each of them and in doing so, constructing a distinct settlemental, subsistence system, culturally adapted to affectively cope with the limitations and potentialities of every different ecological zone. A geographic information investigation of archaeological sites distributions in a given region by means of some analytic tools such as site buffering with different environmental attributes, site catchment analysis and so on could help in building some precise practical models by using of which it would be possible to to decide more accurately the kind of every archaeological settlement remains in terms of its potentiality of supporting which kind of subsistence system. The analysis of settlement correlations with the surrounding environment has done on the basis of attributes including permanent streams, height above the sea, precipitation, climate, vegetation, slope, the area of sites, and their buffering related to today settlements, using GIS and SPSS-related methods of analysis. The results show existence of a kind of settlement patterning of distribution, according to which it is possible to categorize settlements in three separate clusters. On the one cluster, settlements located in plains as well as lowlands in vicinity of permanent streams had heighest area among the whole settlements, suitable for village living and agriculture; on another cluster, settlements located in the marginal zones of the plain with much lesser in area and vicinity to pasturelands might be evidence of a kind of village-based pastoralism. Yet, the third kind of cluster is containing settlements located in higher latitude with much more in area in comparison with the second cluste, suitable for fully nomadic pasturalist's settling during summers. The study showed that the investigated region can offer different subsistence possibility to build up along with the effort dedicated by communities settled it during different times of Islamic period. It is interesting while somehow predictable that there is and according to GIS-based models resulted from the study that the region has been very poor in providing an