Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are known to protect cells from several stressors. Nucleotide changes in the flanking regions [5′-and 3′-untranslated region (UTR)] of Hsp gene might affect inducibility, degree of expression, or stability of Hsp70 mRNA. The present study aimed to investigate the association between inducible Hsp70.1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and heat shock (HS) response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in dairy cows. Four hundred forty-six Italian Holstein cows were genotyped for four Hsp70