RESUMENObjetivo Conocer mediante el análisis del estado del conocimiento, el impacto de polifarmacia en calidad de vida de adultos mayores y cuál ha sido el rol de enfermería frente a esta problemática de salud. Métodos Revisión descriptiva de 62 artículos originales de diversos diseños metodológicos, en bases de datos: EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Elsevier, SCOPUS y Dialnet. Resultados La polifarmacia en adultos mayores se presenta con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino, en personas con bajo nivel de escolaridad, sumados a factores socioeconómico. Un gran porcentaje de adultos mayores presenta efecto cascada en consumo de fármacos, por cantidad de medicamentos consumidos y número de médicos consultados, produciendo interacciones farmacológicas, afectando funcionalidad y calidad de vida. Conclusiones Es necesario mayor control de medicamentos consumidos por adultos mayores, para evitar efectos nocivos. Los profesionales de enfermería deben tener un rol educativo en este grupo etario, para disminuir polifarmacia e impulsar estilos de vida que fomenten el envejecimiento saludable. Palabras Clave: Polifarmacia; anciano; calidad de vida; atención de enfermería (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). ABSTRACTObjective To know, by analyzing the state of knowledge, the impact of the polypharmacy on the quality of life of older adults and the role of nursing when dealing with this health problem. Materials and Methods Descriptive review of 62 original articles with multiple methodological designs, in the databases EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Elsevier, SCOPUS and Dialnet. Results Polypharmacy in older adults is more frequent in the female sex and people with low level of education, and is associated with socioeconomic factors. A large percentage of older adults present with prescription cascade due to the amount of drugs consumed and the number of doctors consulted, leading to pharmacological interactions that affect functionality and quality of life. Conclusions More control of drugs consumed by older adults is needed to avoid harmful effects. Nursing professionals should have an educational role in this age group to reduce polypharmacy and promote lifestyles that foster healthy ageing.
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