The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of fenugreek seed meal (FKSM) on growth performance, blood haematological and biochemical factors, survival and stress resistance of the common carp (2.46 AE 0.06 g) fingerlings.Four practical diets containing 0 (control), 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% FKSM were used to feed fish. Fish were fed on the tested diets at a rate of 3% of body weight for 8 weeks. Results indicated that fish fed the control diet had a significantly lower weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly in fish fed diets containing FKSM. There were no significant differences in glucose levels, red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin between treatment groups and the control group (P > 0.05). Significantly lower white blood cells count was observed in fish treatment with FKSM when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The cholesterol level in group fed supplemented diet by 1% fenugreek significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). Total protein levels were significantly higher in all treatments compared to the control (P < 0.05). No mortality was recorded during the feeding trial. In salinity stress experiment, highest survival rate belong to fish fed supplemented diet by 1% fenugreek. These results indicate that FKSM can be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement for improving the growth performance and blood indices of common carp fingerling.

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This study was conducted in order to measure glucose, cholesterol and hematocrit as indicators to evaluate the effect of caraway seeds meal (CSM) on the health and resistance of common carp to salinity stress. To attain this goal, fish (2.457±0.057 g) were divided into four groups fed on diets containing different levels of CSM; 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 1.5%. After 56 days of feeding, blood samples of the fish were obtained in five stages (once before and four times after stress) to evaluate glucose, cholesterol and hematocrit levels. The experiments indicated that salinity significantly affected glucose, cholesterol and hematocrit. On the first day after stress, the hematocrit and glucose levels were considerably increased in all groups compared with their levels before stress. After stress, cholesterol level significantly decreased in all groups compared to before stress. The level of hematocrit indicated no significant difference among the groups before and after stress. On the first day after stress, the glucose levels significantly increased in treated groups with CSM compared with the control group. The glucose and hematocrit levels were decreased gradually in all groups from the third day on. After stress, no differences were observed for survival rates among the experimental diets. However, the highest survival rate belonged to treated groups with CSM. The overall result indicated that the suplement of CSM has a positive influence on the glucose, hematocrit and resistance of common carp to salinity stress. ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎء‬ ‫رﺷﺪ،‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدي‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻧﺤﺮاف‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮوز‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ) ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺮورش‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ‬ Chakraborty, 2007 .( ‫آب‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ،‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬ ‫در‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺑﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﯽ‬ ) ‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫آن‬ Mohammadi-Makvandi et al., 2012 .( ‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫زﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ،‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫آور‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ 47/47 ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران.‬ ‫و‬ ‫روﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺎه‬ ‫زﯾﺮة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﮐﭙﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﯽ‬ Roohi et al. Effect of salinity and Carum carvi on Cyprinus carpio ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ) ‫رﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬ Consten, 2002; Ham et al., 2003 ‫درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ّﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ .( ‫ﻣﺮﮐ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫آزادﺳﺎزي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺰي‬ ‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺗﮑﻮﻻﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻮرﺗﯿﺰول‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮس،‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﺧﻮن‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺪوﮐﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ) Najafpour et al., 2012 .( ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫رخ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮن‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﻮن،‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ) ‫ﺷﻮد‬ Martinez-Porchas et al., 2009 ‫در‬ ‫ّم‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ .( ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﺷﮑﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺪار‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﯿﺖ‬ ) ‫ﺷﻮد‬ Koeypudsa & Jongjareanjai, 2011 ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎري‬ .( ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣ...