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Since the 1960s, amniocentesis has become a routine procedure performed in prenatal diagnostic clinics. This study aims to depict the results of amniocentesis, the frequency of chromosomal abnormality and emphasize on amniocentesis indications. A retrospective study was conducted on 11,451 cases who were referred to the Prenatal Diagnosis Center, the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam from 2012 to 2016. The rate of chromosomal abnormality was 6.7%. The chromosomal aberration in the group with mother or father carrying balanced parental translocations accounted for the highest rate of 22.0%. Triploidy was 1.2%, autosomal chromosome aberration was 59.7%, sex chromosome was 8.3%, and structural rearrangements was 30.8%. Trisomy 21 was the most frequent disorder founded in abnormal ultrasound findings (47.4%), following by the advanced maternal age (44.1%). The large sample size of this study provided reliable evidence to support the development of prenatal counseling and pregnancy management programs.