Thin films of tris-(8, hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD) were measured using synchrotron radiation-based core and valence level photoemission and core level photoabsorption to elucidate the element-specific electronic structure of organic electroluminescent materials. The energy level alignment of an Alq3/TPD interface is given for both occupied and unoccupied states. A comparison of freshly evaporated films of Alq3 and TPD with films that have been exposed to intense radiation or oxidative conditions sheds light on possible damage mechanisms of the molecular solid.

The intention of this research was investigated the line width that is written by NFP(Nano Fountain Pen) using active membrane pumping in order to understand how to control it. The relationships between velocity of tip, concentration, and ink diffusion with line width were studied; it was found that variation of velocity of tip and concentration of ink affect directly to line width. Therefore, this study is shown a model of verifying line width through two conditions: velocity and diffusion.