Poaceae-Bambusoideae), a new genus from Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is based on the species Annamocalamus kontumensis H. N. Nguyen, N.-H. Xia & V. T. Tran. The new genus shares some morphological characters with Melocanna Trin. and Stapletonia Dash & al. but can be recognized by its shorter rhizome and the occurrence of pseudospikelets.

A new variety of Panax, P. vietnamensis var. langbianensis is described from Lang Bian Mountain, Lam Vien Plateau in southern Vietnam. It is visually distinct from other two varieties of P. vietnamensis (var. vietnamensis, var. fuscidiscus) by having the shorter petiolules 8–11 mm long, leaflet apex acuminate, pedicels 0.4–0.6 cm, petals smaller, disk prominent, and styles typically 2 (or rarely 1). The recognition of the new variety is supported by the evidence of molecular sequence data from three markers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, 18S rRNA and partial matK) in addition to morphological consideration. The new variety is known only from one population from the locality where the type specimens were collected. The species occurs in an area of only approximately 1 km2 with a population size of approximately 100–200 individuals. Therefore it should be regarded as critically endangered (CBB2acb (ii,iii,v); C2a(i); E) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and criteria.

A clambering bamboo endemic to Braian mountain, southern Vietnam represents a new monotypic endemic genus, Cochinchinochloa H.N.Nguyen & V.T.Tran (Gramineae: Bambusoideae-Bambusinae), which is described and illustrated. Its culm nodes and the nodes of leafy branches exhibit a thick swollen patella, and in the reproductive state this taxon bears pseudospikelets having two perfect florets, with an elongated rachilla internode between the perfect florets, a rachilla extension bearing an imperfect floret at maturity, a narrowly 2-keeled palea with a distinct abaxial groove, three lodicules, six stamens, free filaments, a glabrous ovary with a long style and three stigmas, and an oblong caryopsis with a relatively thin pericarp.

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A clambering bamboo endemic to the Lam Vien plateau, southern Vietnam and representing a new monotypic endemic genus, Yersinochloa H. N. Nguyen & V. T. Tran (Gramineae–Bambusoideae–Bambusinae), is described and illustrated. It has an indeterminate inflorescence, terminate leafy branches, pseudo‐spikelets with only one perfect floret, unkeeled palea, three lodicules, six stamens with free filaments, anther apices with tiny spines, glabrous ovary with a long style, 3 plumose stigmas, and an oblong caryopsis with a relatively thin pericarp.