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Ambulatory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has shown promise as a bridge to lung transplantation. The primary goal of ambulatory ECMO is to provide enough gas exchange to allow patients to participate in preoperative physical therapy. Various strategies of ambulatory ECMO are utilized depending upon patients’ need. A wide spectrum of ECMO configurations is available to tackle this situation. We discuss those configurations in this article.

Furnace Integrity OverviewThe Nodal Wear Model was developed to systematize the analysis of corrosion phenomena on refractory and ceramic materials that come in contact with corrosive fl uids in furnace linings. The model is based on the determination of the thermal fi eld in the furnace lining using a fi nite-element-method grid in which a second grid is defi ned to represent the surface of the lining that is attacked by the molten phases. Using a control equation for the wear-corrosion thermal-activated phenomena, a modification of the geometry is introduced and a new geometry is defi ned to restart the calculation.

The Nodal Wear Model NWM constitutes a working tool that may be employed to study the processes of differential corrosion in the Pierce-Smith converter PSC with the aim of achieving significant improvements in duration and productivity of the diverse lining alternatives that may be used. Both knowledge of the wear mechanisms as well as the definition of the corrosion equations are necessary to apply the NWM to the PSC. By means of the NWM, the outputs of corrosion in the tuyere zone of the PSC may be interpreted. The present paper analyzes the wear mechanism for thermal spalling. An equation is proposed which, as well as justifying the damage occasioned in the refractory bricks, it can also be used in the development of new designs.

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