Difficulties in confirming and discriminating human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 infections by serological Western blot (WB) assays (HTLV Blot 2.4; MP Biomedicals) have been reported in Brazil, mainly in HIV/AIDS patients, with a large number of WB-indeterminate and WB-positive but HTLV-untypeable results. Nonetheless, a line immunoassay (LIA) (INNO-LIA HTLV-I/II; Fujirebio) provided enhanced specificity and sensitivity for confirming HTLV-1/2 infections. To add information concerning the improved ability of the LIA in relation to WB when applied to samples of individuals from different risk groups from Brazil, we performed the present study. Three groups were analyzed: group 1 (G1), with 62 samples from HIV/AIDS patients from São Paulo, SP (48 WB indeterminate and 14 HTLV untypeable); group 2 (G2), with 24 samples from patients with hepatitis B or hepatitis C from São Paulo (21 WB indeterminate and 3 HTLV untypeable; 17 HIV seropositive); and group 3 (G3), with 25 samples from an HTLV outpatient clinic in Salvador, Bahia (16 WB indeterminate and 9 HTLV untypeable; all HIV seronegative). Overall, the LIA confirmed HTLV-1/2 infection (HTLV-1, HTLV-2, or HTLV) in 66.1% (G1), 83.3% (G2), and 76.0% (G3) of samples. Interestingly, the majority of WB-indeterminate results were confirmed by the LIA as being HTLV-2 positive in G1 and G2 but not in G3, in which the samples were defined as being HTLV-1 or HTLV positive. These results agree with the virus types that circulate in such patients of different regions in Brazil and emphasize that the LIA is the best serological test for confirming HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections, independently of being applied in HTLV-monoinfected or HTLV-coinfected individuals.
Serological screening for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is usually performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), particle agglutination, or chemiluminescence assay kits. Due to an antigen matrix improvement entailing the use of new HTLV antigens and changes in the format of HTLV screening tests, as well as newly introduced chemiluminescence assays (CLIAs), a systematic evaluation of the accuracy of currently available commercial tests is warranted.
Objetivo: refletir sobre oficinas terapêuticas como atividades que possibilitam consolidar o processo de mudança e a inserção social de pessoas com transtornos mentais em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo de reflexão, com apoio na literatura sobre a temática. O levantamento de dados ocorreu no período de outubro a dezembro de 2017. Resultados: as oficinas terapêuticas são atividades que contribuem para a efetivação da mudança social acerca da loucura e para a inclusão de pessoas com transtornos mentais no cotidiano familiar, na comunidade e do próprio agir do sujeito. Visam à melhoria na qualidade de vida dos usuários do serviço, incentivadas pela abordagem multidisciplinar, tomando como norte a visão de que os profissionais atuem contribuindo para a reabilitação psicossocial dos usuários e para o aprendizado de novos saberes, numa relação dialógica. Considerações finais: é necessário um incessante espírito de reflexão crítica acerca do trabalho em oficinas terapêuticas para se evitar cair nas armadilhas da segregação de cuidado e se avançar na reabilitação.Descritores: Serviços de saúde mental. Psicoterapia de grupo. Reabilitação.
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