Patients with HPE manifest a wide spectrum of clinical problems and neurologic dysfunction. The nature and severity of many of these problems can be predicted by specific neuroanatomic abnormalities found in HPE.

This research has significant policy implications in explaining predictors of alcohol use and abuse as well as protective factors for this behavior.

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Research has cited structural racism as a determinate of black Americans' susceptibility to COVID-19. Using the flu surveillance system as a template, the U.S. has collected surveillance data on COVID-19. The U.S. also has rich databases on drug use and treatment. The U.S. should use data, combined with epidemiologic modeling that includes accurate proxies for structural racism, to direct policy, treatment, and COVID-19 vaccine distribution priorities. This paper provides a baseline of where we are and suggestions to consider to achieve health parity in populations of color.