Epiphytes are hyper‐diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non‐vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer‐reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non‐vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non‐vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events.

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

O presente estudo compõe parte do projeto da Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Atualmente, Bombacoideae é uma das nove subfamílias de Malvaceae sensu lato, cuja sinapomorfia é a presença de um tecido nectarífero situado internamente na base do cálice, nas pétalas ou até mesmo no androginóforo. A subfamília apresenta indivíduos em sua maioria arbóreos e é caracterizada pela presença de folhas compostas. Na área de estudo foram encontrados três gêneros (Ceiba, Eriotheca e Pseudobombax) e oito espécies (C. pubiflora, C. speciosa, E. candolleana, E. macrophylla, E. pubescens, P. campestre, P. longiflorum e Pseudobombax majus), diferenciados principalmente por caracteres florais (número de estames e se totalmente concrescidos ou não no tubo estaminal, tamanho e cor das pétalas), e quanto à presença de folíolos articulados ou inarticulados, sendo o gênero Eriotheca o mais representativo. Chaves de identificação em nível genérico e específico, bem como descrições detalhadas, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos e lista de materiais examinados são apresentados.

O presente estudo compõe parte do projeto da Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Atualmente, Grewioideae é uma das nove subfamílias de Malvaceae. Morfologicamente, Grewioideae apresenta sépalas distintas sem nectários na base da face abaxial, presença de nectários na base das pétalas e no androginóforo, estames numerosos e anteras ditecas. Na área de estudo foram encontrados quatro gêneros (Apeiba, Corchorus, Luehea e Triumfetta) e cinco espécies (A. tibourbou, C. hirtus, L. divaricata, L. grandiflora e T. semitriloba), diferenciadas principalmente pelo hábito de vida (árvores ou arbustos), tamanho das flores e forma do fruto. Chaves de identificação em nível específico, bem como descrições detalhadas, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos e lista de materiais examinados são apresentados.

No abstract