The investigation conducted at the laboratory of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha; Mirzapur during the year 2021. The objective of this study was to characterize the physicochemical properties under plain and hilly areas soil of East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh. By using GPS camera, 30 soil samples under plain area and 30 soil samples under hilly area was collected. The physical and chemical properties of soil were critically analyzed. According to the soil nutrient index of the study area, the soils of east siang district found out to be low in the available Nitrogen content, Potassium, and sulphur content of soil and medium in organic carbon and phosphorus content of the soil of both plain and hilly region. The plain area soils were found acidic to neutral in reaction and free from salinity. The pH of hilly area soil was found acidic in reaction and free from salinity.

A study was conducted to examine the fertility status of soils in Cuddapah block of YSR district, Andhra Pradesh. A total Forty soil samples were collected from ten different villages of Cuddapah block at a depth of 0-15 cm and analyzed for different soil quality parameters viz., soil pH, EC, organic carbon, primary macronutrients (available nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium) and secondary macronutrients (calcium, magnesium and available sulphur) by using standard analytical methods in the laboratory. By considering the soil nutrient index values the soil fertility rating as low, medium and high has been given for each fertility parameter. The results revealed that the pH of the soil was found to be neutral to slightly alkaline with a mean value of 7.6. The Electrical conductivity of the soil was free from salinity with a mean value of 0.52 dSm-1. According to the nutrient index values soil samples of Cuddapah block were found to be medium in organic carbon (1.92), low in nitrogen (1.52), low in sulphur (1.00), medium in phosphorous (1.95) and high in potassium content (2.45).