Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is powerful and economical key to monitoring and tracking problems. WSN is a perfect unification of sensing, computation and communications tasks. WSN nodes are deployed in both hostile and harsh environment. They lend valuable support for continuous, remote monitoring, and for healthcare applications. WSN nodes can be deployed easily in existing structures without any added infrastructure. In this work, an outline of wireless sensor networks, applications, challenges & issues involved in implementing them is presented.

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Wireless Sensors network is a type of wireless network, used in diverse applications and has its own set of challenges. Apart from organizing and managing WSN, the main challenges include limited resources, dynamic topology and low scalability. Wireless Sensor nodes are battery operated, so energy scarceness is a major concern. The energy consumption is maximal at the time of data transmission between network devices or nodes. Various energy conservation schemes are applied in WSN; Energy Efficient Routing is one of the possible solutions. Energy Efficient Routing is used to minimize the maintenance cost of the network and maximize the performance of the node. In this paper different hierarchical cluster based routing protocols are discussed.

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