Decentralization processes in the CEE countries have stimulated the search for measures of financial health of municipal companies that would be comparable and understandable to a broad range of stakeholders. In this study, we have developed a five-factor discriminant model for assessing municipal company's financial health (M-Score model) using data on 50 Ukrainian companies during 2014-2017. The final test sample consisted of 71 companies operating in Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and Ukraine. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, the empirical model suggests that the equityassets ratio, the current ratio, and the average accounts receivable turnover have both the highest discriminatory power and the greatest impact on the municipal company's financial health. Secondly, we provide convincing evidence that the municipal company's financial health does not depend on the region, but on the nature of its activity and the purpose of enterprise activity. In particular, water and energy utilities are generally financially unhealthy, and out of 45 socalled necessary enterprises, only 12 are classified as financially healthy. The company's M-Score will help managers, lenders, investors, local authorities, and the public to answer the following questions: Can the company avoid financial default? What is its position at the local level? What is its place in the industry?
Climate change, urban sprawl, a global pandemic, and the general trend of digitizing economies are driving the need for digital transformation of utilities. Policymakers of industry digital transformation need some aggregated metric that captures the essence of this multidimensional concept, identifies the pros and cons of current policies, and guides future directions based on cross-country benchmarking. This study develops the Industry Digital Transformation Index for the utility industry (IDTIu) as a composite indicator. IDTIu provides an aggregate score for the digital transformation of the national utility industry based on 31 indicators grouped into 8 sub-indices. IDTIu scores were calculated for 34 European countries based on 2020 data. To avoid the methodological challenges of equal weighting and expert assessments, we applied the original Benefit-of-the-Doubt (BoD) model and its two extensions for the proportion and priority of sub- indices. Our results show that (i) the full flexibility of the original BoD model leads to the expected deficiencies in ranking leaders and assigning zeros to insignificant sub-indices; (ii) BoD model with ordinal sub-index share restrictions does not allow ranking of laggards when IoT, AI, and BDA are ranked as top 3 priorities. Therefore, at the current stage of the digital transformation of utilities, we recommend the BoD model with proportional sub-index share restrictions.
Попова В.Д. кандидат економічних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри обліку і оподаткування Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича Кузь В.І. кандидат економічних наук, доцент, асистент кафедри обліку і оподаткування Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича
Чернівецький національний університет імені Юрія Федьковича удОскОналення ОБлІку грОШОВих кОШтІВ В кОнтекстІ заБезПечення ПлатОсПрОМОжнОстІ суБ'Єкта гОсПОдарЮВання анотація. Стаття присвячена удосконаленню обліку грошових коштів суб'єкта господарювання в контексті забезпечення його платоспроможності. Визначено актуальність проблематики обліку грошових коштів у контексті забезпечення сталого та стратегічного розвитку суб'єкта господарювання. З'ясовано сутністьй видозміни понять «грошові кошти» та «платоспроможність» у ринкових умовах господарювання. Визначено класифікацію грошових коштів відповідно до нормативних актів та з'ясовано важливість їх раціонального поділу для організації аналітичного обліку на основі якого формується інформаційне забезпечення управління платоспроможністю суб'єкта господарювання. Визначено мету та завдання управління грошовими коштами. Ідентифіковано основні проблеми обліку грошових коштів суб'єкта господарювання й шляхи їх вирішення. Наведено один із напрямів вирішення загально визначених проблем, що забезпечить підвищення інформаційної цінності облікових даних при прийнятті управлінських рішень. ключові слова: аналітичний облік грошових коштів, грошові кошти, грошові потоки, класифікація грошових коштів, управління грошовими коштами, платоспроможність, проблеми обліку грошових коштів.
The purpose of the article is to study and substantiate approaches to the identification of objects, methods and instruments of managerial accounting based on its importance for the information support of the management system, interrelationships with other information systems and the management models selected for the application. The article substantiates the dominant importance of managerial accounting as a source of relevant information for making atypical, unformalized, uncertain, multipurpose, strategic managerial decisions and decisions which take attention of many criteria. The necessity of taking into account the content of managerial tasks and information requests in the identification of objects and instruments of managerial accounting is proved, which will increase the level of efficiency of the information provision process and the relevance of accounting data. The article determines the need for the inclusion in the managerial accounting subsystem of new objects that characterize the social, ecological and organizational components of economic activity, as well as financial and non-financial information that characterizes the state and development of the external socioeconomic environment, changes in the objects under study in the future. It is proposed to include in the managerial accounting instrumentarium such objects and instruments, the information characteristics of which are of interest to management staff, and their methodological processing is possible in accordance with the principles of building an accounting system and the stages of the accounting process. The problems of non-fulfillment by managerial accounting of the functions assigned to it due to insufficient level of professional qualification of managerial accounting specialists, lack of practice of regulating the relationships between management levels and producers of accounting information, existing organizational, methodological, technical and subject communication barriers are identified.
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